Ultrasonic indentation: A procedure for the noninvasive quantification of force-displacement properties of the lumbar spine

The Accuracy of Ultrasonic Indentation in Detecting Simulated Bone Displacement: A Comparison of Three Techniques

“…When the indentation approaches the maximal load and the loading rate nears zero, the experimental and gold standard measures of displacement then become synchronous. Although the rigid technique has been shown to exhibit an overall error of 7% in a cadaveric preparation, 35 the rigid technique may be less desirable if tissue properties between the terminal loading points are to be studied.…”

“…Several sophisticated techniques that achieve internal visualization (eg, elastography) now exist, 34 many of which use ultrasound. [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] These ultrasonic techniques also provide an additional improvement in that they may assist investigators in locating, and then returning to, a particular site of interest. 43 To reduce error in ultrasonic indentation, early methods used rigid frames to advance ultrasonic transducers.…”

Application of the Familiarization, Functionality and Testing Design Method

“…Unfortunately, current diagnostic technologies are inadequate for the purposes of practitioners. Therefore, new diagnostic technologies must be developed if meaningful solutions to the problem of diagnosing and treating LBP are to be found [5].…”

The feasibility of vibration as a tool to assess spinal integrity

“…Given this assumption, clinicians frequently evaluate spinal mechanics by manually loading spinal tissue while simultaneously assessing its response. Because manual loadresponse testing can be problematic (Macfadyen et al, 1998;Maher and Adams, 1994, 1995, the process has been objectified with instrumentation (Allison et al, 1998;Kawchuk et al, 2001;Keller et al, 2000;Latimer et al, 1996;Lee and Svensson, 1990;Nathan and Keller, 1994;Owens et al, 2007;Snodgrass et al, 2007;Sran et al, 2005;Stanton and Kawchuk, 2008;Tuttle et al, 2007).…”