Ultrasonic Piezoceramic Transducer Modeling With VHDL-AMS: Application to Ultrasound Nonlinear Parameter Simulations

Abstract

This paper presents an ultrasonic transducer modeling with very high-speed integrated circuit (VHSIC) hardware description language-analog and mixed signal (VHDL-AMS) IEEE 1076.1 integrated in a global measurement cell modeling dedicated to biological tissue ultrasound characterization. Usual modeling of ultrasonic transducers is based on electrical analogy and is not simulated in the global measurement environment. The ultrasonic transducer modeling proposed is simulated with a nonlinear acoustic load and electronic excitation. The nonlinear B/A parameter is used to characterize a medium with a comparative method. The measurement cell is composed of two piezoelectric ceramic transducers, which are implemented with Redwood's electric scheme. The analyzed medium is placed between the transducers and modeled to take into account the nonlinear propagation with the B/A parameter. The usual transmission line model has been modified to take into account the nonlinear propagation for a one-dimensional (1-D) wave. Simulations of the transducer pulse response and electrical impedance show a VHDL-AMS model that is in good agreement with measurementand compared to the usual personal computer simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis results simulations. Results obtained by simulation of mediums (blood, milk, liver, and human fat tissue) showed good agreement between modeling and experimental measurement, and a maximum error of about 12.5% for B/A measurement-simulation.Index Terms-Ceramic, nonlinear modeling, piezoelectric, ultrasonic, very high-speed integrated circuits (VHSIC) hardware description language-analog and mixed signal (VHDL-AMS).

SPICE model for lossy piezoelectric polymers

“…based on the choice of independent variables, there can be 2 other variants of (5) and (6), which are not given here. Inside the polymer, the mechanical strain, mechanical stress, and electrical displacement can be written as…”

“…These assumptions work well for piezoceramics, but modeling of lossy polymers like PVdF requires inclusion of all these losses. some attempts to improve the models at system level have also been reported [6], [7] where the dispersive losses of the medium (e.g., water in the pulse-echo method) have been included in the model, but, the transducer related losses were still the same as those reported in [5].…”

A 2-D VHDL-AMS Model for Disk-Shape Piezoelectric Transducers

“…A VHDL-AMS thickness-mode model was developed in the past [8].This model (Fig. 3) is a direct transcription of the Redwood's model [3].…”

Transducer excitation with switched-mode encoded signals for harmonic and amplitude control verified using the Leach model

“…Requiring such properties suggests that it is well suited to the mechanical design of the transducer. Both the Mason and KLM are frequency models which require mathematical transformation to obtain the time response [18].…”