Ultrasonic shear wave reflectometry applied to the determination of the shear moduli and viscosity of a viscoelastic bitumen

Rabbani, Arif

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.05.175

“…Moreover, it must be considered that the determination of viscosity in bitumens is problematic for several reasons. As an example, it can be considered that measurements from different laboratories on carefully collected samples of the same bitumen have given values differing even of a factor of two [36]. After these considerations, and given the statistically significant number of the samples (fifteen samples, including the reference) of the present work, in our opinion the correlation seems safe and deserves attention.…”

Section: Correlation Between Activation Energy (Ea) and Pre-exponentimentioning

confidence: 71%

Polysaccharides-Reinforced Bitumens: Specificities and Universality of Rheological Behavior

Porto

¹

,

Caputo

²

,

Loise

³

et al. 2019

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The rheological properties of bitumens can be modified by the addition of specific chemical additives. Taking into account the molecular complex aggregation pattern, we hypothesized that macromolecules characterized by long, flexible, and hydrophilic chains can establish soft bridges connecting the different polar aggregates of asphaltenes, strengthening their overall hierarchical supra-structures, and consequently increasing rheological performance at higher temperatures. Here, we propose the use of low cost and high availability polysaccharides as chemical additives to improve the rheological characteristics of a bitumen and to strengthen its thermal resistance. Fourteen different low-cost and high-availability polysaccharides, (flours, gums, and extracts from vegetable products) have been tested. While alghae euchemae have proved to be the most effective additive, corn and 00 flours are the least effective. Attempts to explain their differences have been made considering their chemical interactions with the polar molecules of asphaltenes within the complex framework of their supramolecular hierarchical structures. Through Arrhenius analysis, a correlation between activation energy and preexponential factor has been found, which can be useful for practical purposes, together with an unexpected consistency with the behavior of simple liquids, despite the striking differences in structure. Furthermore, a qualitative model has been suggested. The added value of this work is the focus on polysaccharides constituting low-cost, high availability materials which are sometimes even found as waste in industrial processes, all factors which, together with the environmental issues connected with their use, can be considered for large-scale applications.

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“…The Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of the diamond indenter tip are 1,141 GPa and 0.07 (Field, 1992), respectively. However, to precisely determine the Poisson's ratio of organic matter remains a challenge, and ultrasonic techniques and molecular simulation may be helpful to solve the problem (Rabbani & Schmitt, 2018; Wu & Firoozabadi, 2020). From Equation 4, one can know that the estimation of Poisson's ratio influences the calculation results.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Geochemical Features on the Mechanical Properties of Organic Matter in Shale

Zhao

¹

,

Zhang

²

,

Zhang

³

et al. 2020

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Organic matter is an important constituent in organic-rich shale, which influences the hydrocarbon generation, as well as the mechanical behavior, of shale reservoirs. The physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of organic matter depend on the source material and the thermal evolution process. Previous works attempted to investigate the impact of thermal maturation on the mechanical properties of organic matter. However, owing to the lack of maceral classification and the limitation of data volume during the mechanical measurement, no consistent trend has been identified. In this work, vitrinite reflectance test, scanning electron microscope observation, nanoindentation, and micro-Raman analysis were combined for geochemical and mechanical characterization. A total of 114 test areas were selected for testing, enhancing reliability of the test results. The Young's moduli of organic matter are from 3.57 to 8.32 GPa. With the same thermal maturity, inertinite has the highest Young's modulus, while the modulus of bitumen is the lowest. The Young's moduli of different organic types all increase with vitrinite reflectance. When vitrinite reflectance increases from 0.62% to 1.13%, the modulus of inertinite and vitrinite is increased by 57% and 78%, respectively. The indentation creep of different organic matter suggests that the stiffer organic type demonstrates less creep influence. In addition, with the increase of thermal maturity, the micro-Raman test results show a decrease of intensity ratio of D peak to G peak, indicating an increase of the ordered structure in organic matter. From the characterization results, it was found that organic type and thermal maturity reflect the diversity of the source material and the chemical structure change during the thermal evolution process, and together they influence the mechanical properties of organic matter.

show abstract

“…The Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of the diamond indenter tip are 1,141 GPa and 0.07 (Field, 1992), respectively. However, to precisely determine the Poisson's ratio of organic matter remains a challenge, and ultrasonic techniques and molecular simulation may be helpful to solve the problem (Rabbani & Schmitt, 2018;Wu & Firoozabadi, 2020). From Equation 4, one can know that the estimation of Poisson's ratio influences the calculation results.…”

Section: Nanoindentation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of geochemical features on the mechanical properties of organic matter in shale

Zhao

¹

,

Zhang

²

,

Zhang

³

et al. 2020

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Organic matter is an important constituent in organic-rich shale, which influences the hydrocarbon generation, as well as the mechanical behavior, of shale reservoirs. The physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of organic matter depend on the source material and the thermal evolution process. Previous works attempted to investigate the impact of thermal maturation on the mechanical properties of organic matter. However, owing to the lack of maceral classification and the limitation of data volume during the mechanical measurement, no consistent trend has been identified. In this work, vitrinite reflectance test, scanning electron microscope observation, nanoindentation, and micro-Raman analysis were combined for geochemical and mechanical characterization. A total of 114 test areas were selected for testing, enhancing reliability of the test results. The Young's moduli of organic matter are from 3.57 to 8.32 GPa. With the same thermal maturity, inertinite has the highest Young's modulus, while the modulus of bitumen is the lowest. The Young's moduli of different organic types all increase with vitrinite reflectance. When vitrinite reflectance increases from 0.62% to 1.13%, the modulus of inertinite and vitrinite is increased by 57% and 78%, respectively. The indentation creep of different organic matter suggests that the stiffer organic type demonstrates less creep influence. In addition, with the increase of thermal maturity, the micro-Raman test results show a decrease of intensity ratio of D peak to G peak, indicating an increase of the ordered structure in organic matter. From the characterization results, it was found that organic type and thermal maturity reflect the diversity of the source material and the chemical structure change during the thermal evolution process, and together they influence the mechanical properties of organic matter.

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Ultrasonic shear wave reflectometry applied to the determination of the shear moduli and viscosity of a viscoelastic bitumen

Cited by 25 publications

References 78 publications

Polysaccharides-Reinforced Bitumens: Specificities and Universality of Rheological Behavior

Polysaccharides-Reinforced Bitumens: Specificities and Universality of Rheological Behavior

Influence of Geochemical Features on the Mechanical Properties of Organic Matter in Shale

Influence of geochemical features on the mechanical properties of organic matter in shale

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