Ultrasonic vocalization ratios reflect the influence of motivational state and amygdala lesions on different types of taste avoidance learning

Hamdani, Selma; White, Norman M.

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2010.09.026

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Males expressed 55 kHz calls in anticipation of Boost® and inhibited 55 kHz calls when the Boost® was devalued with LiCl. The expression of USVs is consistent with the literature on USVs in CTA [ 107 ] and our prediction. Increases in 55 kHz in the context previously paired with Boost® suggests animals are assigning a positive valuation to the hedonic stimulus.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Behavior and Fos activation reveal that male and female rats differentially assess affective valence during CTA learning and expression

et al. 2021

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Females are more affected by psychiatric illnesses including eating disorders, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder than males. However, the neural mechanisms mediating these sex differences are poorly understood. Animal models can be useful in exploring such neural mechanisms. Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) is a behavioral task that assesses how animals process the competition between associated reinforcing and aversive stimuli in subsequent task performance, a process critical to healthy behavior in many domains. The purpose of the present study was to identify sex differences in this behavior and associated neural responses. We hypothesized that females would value the rewarding stimulus (Boost®) relative to the aversive stimulus (LiCl) more than males in performing CTA. We evaluated behavior (Boost® intake, LiCl-induced behaviors, ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), CTA performance) and Fos activation in relevant brain regions after the acute stimuli [acute Boost® (AB), acute LiCl (AL)] and the context-only task control (COT), Boost® only task (BOT) and Boost®-LiCl task (BLT). Acutely, females drank more Boost® than males but showed similar aversive behaviors after LiCl. Females and males performed CTA similarly. Both sexes produced 55 kHz USVs anticipating BOT and inhibited these calls in the BLT. However, more females emitted both 22 kHz and 55 kHz USVs in the BLT than males: the latter correlated with less CTA. Estrous cycle stage also influenced 55 kHz USVs. Fos responses were similar in males and females after AB or AL. Females engaged the gustatory cortex and ventral tegmental area (VTA) more than males during the BOT and males engaged the amygdala more than females in both the BOT and BLT. Network analysis of correlated Fos responses across brain regions identified two unique networks characterizing the BOT and BLT, in both of which the VTA played a central role. In situ hybridization with RNAscope identified a population of D1-receptor expressing cells in the CeA that responded to Boost® and D2 receptor-expressing cells that responded to LiCl. The present study suggests that males and females differentially process the affective valence of a stimulus to produce the same goal-directed behavior.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Behavior and Fos activation reveal that male and female rats differentially assess affective valence during CTA learning and expression

et al. 2021

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“…The amygdala is known to play a key role in the acquisition of fear [70] and the production of 22-kHz USV was found to be orchestrated by an interplay of several nuclei of the amygdala [71]. For example, the medial nucleus [72] as well as the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala [73] were reported to mediate 22-kHz USV during conditioned avoidance behavior. However, the central nucleus of the amygdala is widely believed to exert the most dramatic effects on 22-kHz USV production [71].…”

Section: Genotype Differences In Fear-related Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Fear Extinction and Predictive Trait-Like Inter-Individual Differences in Rats Lacking the Serotonin Transporter

Willadsen

Uengoer

Sługocka

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Anxiety disorders are associated with a failure to sufficiently extinguish fear memories. The serotonergic system (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) with the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT, SERT) is strongly implicated in the regulation of anxiety and fear. In the present study, we examined the effects of SERT deficiency on fear extinction in a differential fear conditioning paradigm in male and female rats. Fear-related behavior displayed during acquisition, extinction, and recovery, was measured through quantification of immobility and alarm 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USV). Trait-like inter-individual differences in novelty-seeking, anxiety-related behavior, habituation learning, cognitive performance, and pain sensitivity were examined for their predictive value in forecasting fear extinction. Our results show that SERT deficiency strongly affected the emission of 22-kHz USV during differential fear conditioning. During acquisition, extinction, and recovery, SERT deficiency consistently led to a reduction in 22-kHz USV emission. While SERT deficiency did not affect immobility during acquisition, genotype differences started to emerge during extinction, and during recovery rats lacking SERT showed higher levels of immobility than wildtype littermate controls. Recovery was reflected in increased levels of immobility but not 22-kHz USV emission. Prominent sex differences were evident. Among several measures for trait-like inter-individual differences, anxiety-related behavior had the best predictive quality.

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“…Wright et al (2012) claimed that these discrepancies could be accounted for by differences in recording methods. The heterodyne method and frequency-divided acoustic signals method were used in most previous studies, but these methods suffer from lower reliability (Hamdani & White, 2011;Parsons, Boonman, & Obrist, 2000) than a spectrographic analysis of broadband signals used in the Wright et al (2012) study. Therefore, Wright et al (2012) suggested that prior results were unreliable due to variable recording methods.…”

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confidence: 99%

Behavioral Correlates of 50-kHz Ultrasonic Vocalizations in Rats: Progressive Operant Discrimination Learning Reduces Frequency Modulation and Increases Overall Amplitude

Yuki¹,

Okanoya²

2014

AB&C

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-Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in rats are thought to contain ecological signals reflecting emotional states. These USVs are centered on 50-kHz, and frequency modulation (FM) is hypothesized to indicate positive emotion; however, results from recent studies are inconsistent with this hypothesis. We suspected that such inconsistencies might result from ambiguity in defining frequency modulation, and problems with acoustic analyses and behavioral protocols. We addressed these problems by applying quantitative methods for USV analyses and using a food reward operant paradigm. Our results revealed that frequency modulation varied according to the degree of positive outcomes, but the direction of change was opposite to what had been observed in previous studies. The FM in 50-kHz USVs decreased as animals learned the task and obtained more reinforcement, while USV amplitude increased as learning progressed. To reconcile these results with those from prior studies, we suggest that FM in 50-kHz USVs should be taken as an index of reward prediction errors, and USV amplitude should be considered as an index of positive emotion.

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Ultrasonic vocalization ratios reflect the influence of motivational state and amygdala lesions on different types of taste avoidance learning

Cited by 7 publications

References 58 publications

Behavior and Fos activation reveal that male and female rats differentially assess affective valence during CTA learning and expression

Behavior and Fos activation reveal that male and female rats differentially assess affective valence during CTA learning and expression

Fear Extinction and Predictive Trait-Like Inter-Individual Differences in Rats Lacking the Serotonin Transporter

Behavioral Correlates of 50-kHz Ultrasonic Vocalizations in Rats: Progressive Operant Discrimination Learning Reduces Frequency Modulation and Increases Overall Amplitude

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