Ultrasonication ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of palladium in water samples and determination of microsampler system-assisted FAAS

Abstract

In the proposed approach, a simple and efficient ultrasonication ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UIL-DLLME) was described. Microsampler system-assisted flame atomic absorption spectrometer was used at the determination step of Pd(II). 1-Phenylthiosemicarbazide (PTC) and 1-hexyl-3-methyl imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [C 6 mim][Tf 2 N] were used as the chelating agent and the extraction solvent of UIL-DLLME, respectively. Ultrasonication was used for dispersing of [C 6 mim] [TF 2 N] into samples. Different experimental conditions affecting UIL-DLLME of Pd(II) were examined and optimized. The analytical performance characteristics of investigated method including limit of quantification (33 μg L −1 ), limit of detection (11 μg L −1 ), relative standard deviation (% 3.1), linear range (33-500 μg L −1 ), and enrichment factor (52) were calculated. The optimized UIL-DLLME was applied to different water samples.