Ultrasonographic analysis of fetal gastrointestinal motility during the peripartum period in the dog

Milani, Chiara; Artusi, Elisa; Drigo, Michele; Mateus, L.; Siena, Giulia; Gelli, D; Falomo, Maria Elena; Romagnoli, Stefano

doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106514

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In contrast, a correlation was not found between FGM and serum progesterone concentration, fetal heart rate, and rectal temperature. We also observed an increase in FGM% from 17.1 to 63.3% in the last 5 days prepartum ( 20 ). Assessing the magnitude and timely order of such an increase was complicated as the study was not designed to investigate differences in FGM over time as a repeated measure (each measure was not systematically performed with a standard frequency and time interval).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…In an earlier study, we monitored FGM during the last 10 days of pregnancy (−9/0 DBP), describing a progressive increase in FGM% as parturition approaches. A marked increase (from 17.1% to 63.3%) was observed during the last ten DBP ( 20 ). In that study, each bitch was checked only once, which made it impossible to assess the significance of the increase in FGM% over time ( 20 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In a previous study, we reported the daily observation regarding the percentage of fetuses with recognizable FGM (FGM%) during the last 10 days of pregnancy (from −9 to 0 DBP) ( 20 ). In that study, a weak negative correlation was found between FGM and vaginal temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasonographic changes in fetal gastrointestinal motility during the last ten days before parturition in dogs

et al. 2022

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Fetal gastrointestinal motility (FGM) was suggested as useful to assess fetal maturity. Our study aimed to quantify FGM in relation to days before parturition (DBP), maternal size, and sex ratio of pups. During the last ten days of pregnancy, 23 clinically healthy pregnant bitches of 16 different breeds ranging in age from 2 to 9 years and body weight from 3.5 to 56.8 kg were monitored twice. The fetal intestine was observed in longitudinal and transversal scan on 3 of the most caudal fetuses in both uterine horns. Gestational age was counted backward from parturition day. The number of fetuses showing FGM was recorded in time in I (−11/−5 DBP) and II (−4/0 DBP). A Mann–Whitney test was performed to analyze variations of FGM% in relation to time and parity. A Kruskal–Wallis test was performed to identify variations of FGM% in relation to maternal size and sex ratio. Statistical significance was set at α = 0.05. A total of 147 FGM observations on 50 ultrasonographic monitoring points were performed. The FGM% was higher during time II compared to time I (median: 33%, range 0–100% vs. 100%, range 33–100%; P < 0.0001). FGM% was higher in small compared to large size bitches (median: 100%, range 67–100% vs. 67%, range 0–100%; P = 0.01). FGM% was not affected by parity and sex ratio. As previously reported, a significant increase in FGM% was observed in the last five DBP. FGM observation may be influenced by the maternal size, with easier evaluation in small size bitches, as well as ultrasound equipment and positioning.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Ultrasonographic changes in fetal gastrointestinal motility during the last ten days before parturition in dogs

et al. 2022

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“…Ultrasonographic comparison between the fetal lung and liver has shown some promise as an indicator of fetal lung maturity, but further study is required ( 26 ). Similarly, fetal gastrointestinal motility observed via ultrasonography has been suggested to indicate fetal maturity ( 27 ), however, the sensitivity and specificity of this technique are too low to be clinically useful without additional confirmation ( 28 ). In the absence of clinical data from a pregnant bitch's preceding estrus ( 6 ), clinicians frequently rely on the evaluation of serum or plasma P4 levels to estimate the time to onset of spontaneous parturition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a Point-of-Care Progesterone Assay to Predict Onset of Parturition in the Bitch

et al. 2022

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An assay of circulating progesterone (P4) is commonly used to estimate progress through late gestation in the bitch. Point-of-care assays provide rapid results, a major advantage over laboratory-based assays. This study aims to compare P4 levels determined by the Catalyst® Progesterone point-of-care assay with those determined by chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) and to identify the expected distribution of Catalyst P4 levels at time intervals 3 days prior to the onset of parturition in pregnant bitches. Twenty-eight pregnant bitches carrying two or more fetuses were admitted to a specialist veterinary reproduction hospital 53 days after the onset of cytological diestrus or, when that date was not known, 57 days after the last mating. Vaginal speculum examinations were performed every 6 h until the onset of cervical dilatation (TCD). Serum samples were collected twice daily (08h00 and 18h00) until TCD. For most samples, fresh serum was assayed for P4 immediately using the Catalyst assay (CatP4), then frozen until assayed by CLIA (IMMULITE 2000; ImmP4). However, for some samples, CatP4 was not analyzed prior to freezing. For these data points (n = 33), CatP4 for fresh serum was estimated from CatP4 assayed on frozen-thawed serum, based on a comparison between CatP4 on fresh vs. frozen-thawed sera. In comparison to ImmP4, CatP4 levels up to and including 7 nmol/L appear to have a constant bias of −1.69 nmol/L (limits of agreement −4.91 to 1.52), while levels >7 nmol/L appear to have a proportional bias of −17.9% (limits of agreement −68.6% to 32.7%). Bootstrapped percentiles of CatP4 results spanned 0.4–9 nmol/L within 12 h of TCD, 0.9–11 nmol/L 12–24 h from TCD, and 2.2–13.5 nmol/L 24–36 h from TCD. A CatP4 >9 nmol/L indicates a bitch that is unlikely to reach TCD within 12 h. Bitches with CatP4s below 3.5 nmol/L are likely to reach TCD within 36 h and bitches with a CatP4 below 2.2 nmol/L are likely to reach TCD within 24 h. In conclusion, the Catalyst Progesterone assay provides rapid assessment of circulating P4 in the bitch, with clinical application in the monitoring of late term pregnant bitches.

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“…Recently, the lung‐to‐liver ratio of mean grey levels of foetal lung and liver showed potential in identifying the last week of gestation (Banzato et al., 2017). In addition, ultrasonographic evidence of foetal gastrointestinal motility has been suggested to be indicative of foetal maturity; however, this technique is considered unreliable as a sole predictor of impending parturition (Gil et al., 2015; Milani et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of serum progesterone and prostaglandin F_2α metabolite levels to predict onset of parturition in the bitch

Nöthling

Joone

Cramer

2022

Reprod Domestic Animals

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The prediction of time to onset of parturition in a preparturient bitch is of great clinical value, particularly for bitches at high risk of dystocia and those lacking relevant clinical data from the time of breeding. In a previous study, four cut‐offs for plasma progesterone levels, measured by radioimmunoassay, were shown to be useful for predicting the likelihood of a bitch entering stage one of parturition within defined time intervals. The first aim of the current study was to evaluate these cut‐offs in a clinical setting, using serum progesterone samples drawn from preparturient bitches 12‐hourly instead of 6‐hourly and assessed using chemiluminescence immunoassay. Furthermore, the use of 13,14‐dihydro‐15‐keto‐prostaglandin F2α, (PGFM), a metabolite of prostaglandin F2α, in predicting the time to onset of parturition was evaluated. Forty bitches carrying two or more foetuses were admitted to a specialist veterinary reproduction hospital 53 d after the onset of cytological dioestrus when that date was known, or 57 d after the last mating. Vaginal speculum examinations were performed every 6 hr until cervical dilatation was visualized (time of cervical dilatation; TCD). Serum samples were collected at 08h00 and 18h00 daily until TCD. All bitches underwent elective caesarean section at TCD. Results of this study show that approximately 5% and 10% of preparturient bitches will reach TCD within 12 hr despite a serum progesterone level of at least 15.8 nmol/L and 8.7 nmol/L respectively. In addition, there is a 95% probability that a preparturient bitch will reach TCD within 48 hr if her serum progesterone level is below 8.7 nmol/L, and a 91% probability of her reaching TCD within 24 hr if her serum progesterone level is below 3.18 nmol/L. Approximately 90% of bitches that demonstrate a 20% increase in PGFM over a 12‐hr period are likely to be within 36 hr of TCD. These results provide useful benchmarks for the management of canine parturition.

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Ultrasonographic analysis of fetal gastrointestinal motility during the peripartum period in the dog

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Ultrasonographic changes in fetal gastrointestinal motility during the last ten days before parturition in dogs

Ultrasonographic changes in fetal gastrointestinal motility during the last ten days before parturition in dogs

Use of a Point-of-Care Progesterone Assay to Predict Onset of Parturition in the Bitch

Use of serum progesterone and prostaglandin F_2α metabolite levels to predict onset of parturition in the bitch

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Ultrasonographic analysis of fetal gastrointestinal motility during the peripartum period in the dog

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Ultrasonographic changes in fetal gastrointestinal motility during the last ten days before parturition in dogs

Ultrasonographic changes in fetal gastrointestinal motility during the last ten days before parturition in dogs

Use of a Point-of-Care Progesterone Assay to Predict Onset of Parturition in the Bitch

Use of serum progesterone and prostaglandin F2α metabolite levels to predict onset of parturition in the bitch

Contact Info

Product

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Use of serum progesterone and prostaglandin F_2α metabolite levels to predict onset of parturition in the bitch