Ultrasonographic appearance of normal and injured lateral patellar ligaments in the equine stifle

Gottlieb, Ronald H.; Whitcomb, Mary Beth; Vaughan, Betsy; Galuppo, Larry D.; Spriet, Mathieu

doi:10.1111/evj.12444

Cited by 13 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The majority of horses presented with mild to moderate, chronic hind limb lameness that had been previously treated. In this study, IPL injury was rarely associated with trauma, which differs from lateral patellar ligament injury presentation . Presenting lameness scores were not significantly different between horses classified as having a predominant IA injury compared to those classified with a predominant IPL injury, suggesting that the degree of lameness does not correlate with specific injury type.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…In this study, IPL injury was rarely associated with trauma, which differs from lateral patellar ligament injury presentation. 10 Presenting lameness scores were not significantly different between horses classified as having a predominant IA injury compared to those classified with a predominant IPL injury, suggesting that the degree of lameness does not correlate with specific injury type. Previous reports of IPL desmopathy have indicated a poor response to IA stifle analgesia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Previously described lesions of the IPL include focal or diffuse hypoechoic areas within the ligament, periligamentous edema, and/or irregularities of the parenchyma at the insertion . Intermediate patellar ligament desmopathy has only been described in a few clinical cases and because patellar ligament injuries are not frequently diagnosed, there is a paucity of information regarding treatment and prognosis of such injuries . The literature indicates a poor prognosis for return to work after patellar ligament injury with one study reporting that zero of eight horses with IPL desmopathy returned to their former level of competition .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intermediate patellar ligament desmopathy often occurs in conjunction with other stifle abnormalities

Hoaglund

Barrett

Daglish

et al. 2019

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Intermediate patellar ligament (IPL) desmopathy is a relatively uncommon injury previously reported to have a poor prognosis for return to athletic activity. There is little documentation of the clinical and ultrasonographic features, clinical significance, and outcome for return to work following IPL injury in horses. The aim of this retrospective descriptive study was to describe the clinical and ultrasonographic features of IPL desmopathy, its association with other injuries of the stifle, and outcome for return to work following injury. Forty‐two stifles with an ultrasound diagnosis of IPL desmopathy over a 5‐year time period were included. Data regarding signalment, clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging findings, treatment, and outcome are described. Intermediate patellar ligament desmopathy occurred most commonly in the midbody (35/42; 83%) of the ligament and lesions were predominantly hypoechoic discrete tears (31/42; 74%) that were obliquely oriented in a craniolateral to caudomedial direction (28/42; 67%). Rarely (1/42; 2%) was IPL desmopathy the only ultrasonographic abnormality detected. Of 13 horses that underwent recheck ultrasound examination, the majority (11/42; 85%) either did not improve or worsened ultrasonographically. Despite this, of 25 horses with long‐term follow‐up, 23 (92%) returned to work, 16 at the same level or higher. A variety of treatments were utilized. The clinical significance of IPL desmopathy is difficult to determine because it is usually found in conjunction with other stifle abnormalities. Although IPL desmopathy rarely shows ultrasonographic improvement over time, prognosis can be good for return to work.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Intermediate patellar ligament desmopathy often occurs in conjunction with other stifle abnormalities

Hoaglund

Barrett

Daglish

et al. 2019

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…Eight of these papers stated that 'there was no history of tendon injury', three papers stated 'no history of orthopaedic disease'. In two papers regarding patellar ligament desmitis the criterion was 'no history of stifle lameness', 27,28 and in one paper the definition of history was a statement that there was 'no unexplained absence from racing for longer than one year'. The number of methods stated in each study varied between 0 and 5, with a median of three.…”

Section: Desmitis/tendinitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Who Is Healthy? A Review of How Equine Control Groups Are Defined in Clinical Orthopaedic Research 1999–2021

Wrangberg¹,

Kendall

2022

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol

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Introduction Proper identification of healthy subjects is essential in case–control studies. However, standardized definitions of healthy controls are lacking in equine orthopaedic research. Objectives The aim of this study was to define the non-invasive methods used for selecting healthy control horses in osteoarthritis (OA), desmitis and tendinitis research. Methods Systematic review. Case–control studies with a healthy control group and longitudinal studies where horses had to be healthy at the start were included. Studies where joints were visualized by arthroscopy or post-mortem examination were excluded. Results: From 2,472 OA papers and 2,746 desmitis/tendinitis papers, 127 and 84 papers met the inclusion criteria respectively. For OA, 11 methods were identified for defining healthy subjects with a median of three methods used per paper. Dynamic examination, radiographic evaluation and clinical examination were the most frequent. Eight different methods were identified in the desmitis/tendinitis papers with a median of three methods per paper; ultrasonography, clinical- and dynamic examination were the most frequent. Conclusions Overall, the OA and desmitis/tendinitis studies used similar methods for defining subjects as healthy, but the way the examinations were performed and interpreted was inconsistent. In several studies, healthy controls were not examined for lameness. The most common methods have limitations for detecting horses with early OA, which may have implications for interpretation of results. Standardized use of more sensitive and objective methods could be beneficial.

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“…The study identified normal variations in shape, echogenicity and fibre pattern in the normal LPL. Injuries to the LPL were often severe and associated with trauma, and had a very variable prognosis . While novel imaging methods are being increasingly used, radiography still remains the imaging modality most frequently used to image the equine stifle.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical insights: Recent developments in equine articular disease (2016–2018)

Clegg

2018

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Ultrasonographic appearance of normal and injured lateral patellar ligaments in the equine stifle

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Intermediate patellar ligament desmopathy often occurs in conjunction with other stifle abnormalities

Intermediate patellar ligament desmopathy often occurs in conjunction with other stifle abnormalities

Who Is Healthy? A Review of How Equine Control Groups Are Defined in Clinical Orthopaedic Research 1999–2021

Clinical insights: Recent developments in equine articular disease (2016–2018)

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