Ultrasonographic appearance of the coelomic cavity in healthy green iguanas

Holland, Mason; Divers, Stephen J.; Frank, Paul

doi:10.2460/javma.233.4.590

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Os testículos regridem durante a estação não reprodutiva e são considerados não reprodutivos quando não são visualizados (Gartrell et al 2002, Stetter 2006. Somente podem ser visualizados na época reprodutiva (Schumacher & Toal 2001, Holland et al 2008) e geralmente as gônadas se desenvolvem tornando--se aparentes, delgadas e com uma forma fusiforme dependendo da espécie avaliada (Schilliger 2010).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Avaliação ultrassonográfica do aparelho reprodutor em serpentes vivíparas da família Boidae

Vac

Badiglian²,

Almeida‐Santos

2015

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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The reproduction is part of the animal life cycle allowing the perpetuation and conservation of the species. In snakes, there is a shortage of technical information about the reproductive cycle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reproductive tract by ultrasonography in captive viviparous snakes of the Boidae family, allowing diagnose of the different reproductive stages. Eleven adult snakes of four species of the Boidae family were sonographically evaluated, Eunectes murinus, Boa constrictor constrictor, Corallus hortulanus and Epicrates cenchria belonging to the Biological Museum's collection of the Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo Brazil. For the sonographic evaluation, snakes were contained physically with herpetologic hook and then manually for about 15 minutes. The evaluation was done by applying acoustic gel on the skin and positioning the transducer on the right and left side-ventral line, in the medial region of the body in the skull tail sense. Ultrasonography allowed the evaluation of the whole reproductive cycle in snakes. In sonographic evaluations of females were defined the stages of ovarian and ovidutal development. The ovarian follicles during the pre-vitellogenic phase were visualized as homogeneous and anecogenic, in a "bunch of grapes" distribution. In the vitellogenic stage follicles were larger and more echogenic, following each other as a "string of pearls". When there was no copula, the follicles were reabsorbed in the ovary returning to pre-vitellogenic phase. In the post ovulatory phase were seen three well-defined stages of fetal development within the oviduct: 1) just after ovulation (and fertilization), only the vitellus was visualized; 2) occupied 60% of the vitellus fetus and 40% egg and 3) the fetus was formed and no vitellus. In males, the testicles were seen as a homogeneous and hypoechoic image during the reproductive stage. When the males were not on a reproductive state, it was impossible to visualize the testicle due to its size. The sonographic evaluation of the reproductive tract of snakes proved to be a safe diagnostic technique, noninvasive and allows the monitoring of reproductive phases.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Avaliação ultrassonográfica do aparelho reprodutor em serpentes vivíparas da família Boidae

Vac

Badiglian²,

Almeida‐Santos

2015

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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“…17 The small intestine could not be clearly identified ultrasonographically in healthy iguanas. 17 The thin-walled cecum was occupying a large portion of the ventral coelom, caudal to the liver. The content of the stomach and cecum consisted of gas and ingesta.…”

Section: Green Iguanamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Depending on animal's size and purpose of the 16 However, the GI motility of reptiles is reduced in comparison with mammals, and therefore misdiagnosis of ileus is possible. 17 The liver and gall bladder can be evaluated by ultrasound in most reptiles. Comparison of the hepatic echogenicity with the hyperechoic coelomic fat bodies in snakes and lizards allow for a more objective interpretation.…”

Section: Ultrasonography Of the Digestive System ____________________mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If compared with the urinary bladder, the descending colon was tubular in shape and the wall of the descending colon was thicker than the wall of the urinary bladder. 17 The liver had an incomplete separation in 2 lobes and rounded edges. The hepatic parenchyma's echogenicity was uniformly medium echogenic, similar to that of the spleen, testes, and fat bodies.…”

Section: Green Iguanamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Update on Diagnosis and Management of Disorders of the Digestive System of Reptiles

Mans

2013

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

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“…According to other authors, the identification of individual organs on an ultrasound scan can be problematic even in relatively large animals (1,8). Only recent publications show a much higher effectiveness of ultrasound examination in small individuals (3).…”

Section: Tab 2 Coelomic Abnormalities In Animals Examinedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of consultations and results of radiological and ultrasound methods in lizard diseases (2006-2014)

Łojszczyk-Szczepaniak¹,

Szczepaniak²,

Grzybek³

et al. 2018

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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SummaryReptiles are becoming increasingly popular animals in amateur husbandry in Poland and worldwide. The world literature, however, does not provide data on the actual causes of radiological and ultrasound consultations in certain groups of animals, including reptiles. The aim of the study was the analysis of causes and results of diagnostic imaging examinations. The study was based on the data of 75 lizards which were patients of the university diagnostic imaging service in the years 2006-2014.The most common clinical signs in those animals were visible body deformations (33.33%), loss of body weight (30.67%) and loss of appetite (26.67%). In cases in which a preliminary diagnosis had been made, the largest proportion of animals were referred with suspected post-traumatic changes (12%), dystocia (10.67%) and ileus (9.33%). In diagnostic imaging tests, musculoskeletal (29.33%) and coelomic abnormalities (40.33%) were most commonly confirmed. Coelomic changes affected mainly the liver, reproductive system and gastrointestinal tract. For the musculoskeletal system, the most frequently identified causes were the presence of post-traumatic changes, malformations of the vertebral column, as well as metabolic bone disease. Cardiorespiratory and urinary problems were observed only sporadically. In twenty-two animals (29.33%), radiographic and ultrasound examinations failed to establish a diagnosis.The results of this study provide valuable data on the cross-section of the most common problems leading to diagnostic imaging evaluation in lizards. This research demonstrates that, despite the growing popularity of exotic animals, most of the problems diagnosed in such animals still arise from inappropriate breeding and housing conditions. In most cases, diagnostic imaging provides valuable information, making it possible to implement further steps.

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Ultrasonographic appearance of the coelomic cavity in healthy green iguanas

Abstract: Results suggested that ultrasonography allowed examination of most coelomic structures in green iguanas. The procedure was easily performed and was well tolerated in conscious animals.

Cited by 31 publications

References 3 publications

Avaliação ultrassonográfica do aparelho reprodutor em serpentes vivíparas da família Boidae

Avaliação ultrassonográfica do aparelho reprodutor em serpentes vivíparas da família Boidae

Clinical Update on Diagnosis and Management of Disorders of the Digestive System of Reptiles

Causes of consultations and results of radiological and ultrasound methods in lizard diseases (2006-2014)

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