Ultrasonographic appearance of tissue is a better indicator of CL function than CL diameter measurement in dairy cows

Veronesi, M.C.; Gabai, Gianfranco; Battocchio, M.; Mollo, Antonio; Soldano, Franca; Bono, G; Cairoli, F.

doi:10.1016/s0093-691x(02)00915-9

Cited by 38 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, the ultrasonographic appearance of CL seems to be a more reliable parameter than their size for the assessment of luteal function (Veronesi et al, 2002). To our knowledge, no data about the RTU reliability for this parameter was reported in goats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…1) as suggested by Battocchio et al (1999) and Veronesi et al (2002) which was devised for use in cattle: CL with irregular contours and heterogeneous echotexture (CL ICHE ); CL with regular contours and granular echotexture (CL RCGE ).…”

Section: Characterization and Classification Of CLmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the ultrasonographic appearance (morphology and echotexture) of the CL could be used to evaluate luteal activity in cattle, the functional classification of CL it was not easy when based in only one ultrasonographic examination (Battocchio et al, 1999) or only with the RTU method (Veronesi et al, 2002). However, the ultrasonographic appearance of CL seems to be a more reliable parameter than their size for the assessment of luteal function (Veronesi et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of luteal function by ultrasonographic appearance and measurement of corpora lutea in goats

Simões

Almeida

Baril

et al. 2007

Animal Reproduction Science

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In order to characterize the evolution pattern of the corpora lutea (CL) and to compare luteal function with their ultrasonographic appearance, 37 estrous cycles of Serrana goats (n = 22) were studied during breeding season. A daily transrectal ultrasound scanning was performed through two successive estrous cycles. Both solid and fluid-filled CL were observed and measured in both ovaries of each goat. Additionally, each CL was classified as CL ICHE (CL with irregular contours and heterogeneous echotexture) or CL RCGE (CL with regular contours and granular echotexture). Ovarian cyclic activity and luteal function were evaluated by biweekly plasma progesterone (P4) determination. The CL (n = 60) were first visualized on day 2.9 ± 1.0 after the day of ovulation (day 0), showing 7.1 ± 1.8 mm of diameter and reach their maximum size (12.5 ± 1.6 mm) on day 10.7 ± 3.2 (P < 0.001). Two days before the following ovulation (day −2), the CL regressed to 8.4 ± 1.3 mm (P < 0.001). The central cavity was found in 78.3% of CL, and had a persistence of over 50% until the last days of estrous cycle. The ratio CL length/cavity length was low during the first-third and high during the remaining two-thirds of estrous cycle. On day 2, the percentage of CL ICHE was 33.3%, and began to decrease to 16.7% on day 6, reaching the minimum of 3.3% on day 10 (P < 0.001). This proportion increased on day −3 to 48.3% and reached 90% on day −1 (P < 0.001). The correlation between CL size and plasma P4 levels was r = 0.63 (n = 87; P < 0.001). A negative correlation between the daily proportion of CL ICHE and plasma P4 levels was found (r = −0.95; n = 18; P < 0.001). These results suggest that the ultrasonographic appearance of CL is a reliable parameter for the assessment of luteal function in goats. Both the characterization of echotexture and size of central cavity could be valuable tools to differentiate between phases of normal estrous cycles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Characterization and Classification Of CLmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of luteal function by ultrasonographic appearance and measurement of corpora lutea in goats

Simões

Almeida

Baril

et al. 2007

Animal Reproduction Science

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“…Ultrasonographic characteristics of CL are very similar in cows (Omran et al, 1988;Boyd, 1995), ewes (Bartlewski et al, 1999) and goats (de Castro et al, 1999 andMedan et al, 2003) and are related to the development stage (Omran et al, 1988;Boyd, 1995;Veronesi et al, 2002). In dairy cows, the ultrasonographic appearance of luteinic tissue is a highly reliable method for the assessment of mid-cycle corpus luteum (Veronesi et al, 2002). Similar studies in goats should be carried out.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Morphometry of ovarian structures by transrectal ultrasonography in Serrana goats

Simões

Potes

Azevedo

et al. 2005

Animal Reproduction Science

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The accuracy of transrectal real-time ultrasonography (RTU) scanning technique to detect ovarian structures (follicles and corpus luteum) of Serrana goats was compared to the data obtained by observation of ovarian sequential slices. This slicing technique (SLI) was considered as reference method. The laparoscopy and laparotomy techniques were also used for corpora lutea identification. For this purpose the ovaries of 14 females were observed, 7-8 days after ovulation, by transrectal ultrasonography followed by laparoscopic examination. Then ovaries were removed and studied by slicing. In the sliced sections of each ovary (n = 28), follicles and corpus luteum (CL) were identified and counted. CL and follicular diameters were measured using a millimetre scale.The total number of follicles, counted by RTU, was significantly lower than that observed by SLI (P < 0.01). This difference was mainly due to the under estimation of <2 mm follicles category. The correlation coefficient between category data obtained by RTU and SLI methods for the number of follicles ≥3 mm was high (r 2 = 0.95, P < 0.001), which highlights the use of UTR as a potential methodology to study the follicular dynamic of goats.There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between the average number (mean ± S.D.) of corpus luteum identified per ovary by RTU (0.71 ± 0.75), laparoscopy (0.58 ± 0.71), laparotomy (0.67 ± 0.76) or SLI (0.83 ± 0.76) methods. The accuracy for the identification of ovulation, validated by CL detection on D7-D8 by SLI (100%), was 91.7%, 87.5% and 83.3% by RTU, laparotomy and laparoscopy, respectively. The negative predictive value of RTU, laparotomy and * Corresponding author. E-mail address: jsimoes@utad.pt (J. Simões). Simões et al. / Animal Reproduction Science 85 (2005) [263][264][265][266][267][268][269][270][271][272][273] laparoscopy to verify the absence of a CL in the ovary was 81.8%, 75.0% and 69.2%, respectively. The specificity of all three methods for the CL identification was 100%. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found in the probability to detect the exact number of CL (0, 1 or 2) counted in each ovary between the RTU (87.5%), laparotomy (83.3%) and laparoscopy (75.0%) methods when compared with the reference method. 0378-The diameter of spherical CL could be estimated with reliability (r 2 = 0.86; P < 0.001). The real-time ultrasonographic scanning proved to be a highly accurate method for detection and measurement of several categories of follicles and CL size in Serrana goats. The results of the present study show that laparoscopy and RTU are similarly reliable techniques for CL detection. However, the RTU represents a non-traumatic technique with advantages to animal welfare both in experimental and reproductive evaluation of the size of ovarian structures.

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“…Ovaries were also examined at 24 h (day 11) after artificial insemination to confirm ovulation. Luteal and follicular structures were defined in real time ultrasound on the basis of their diameter [17][18][19] and echogenic appearance [20,21]. Ultrasound measurements of follicle and CL diameters were performed according to the technique described by Taylor and Rajamahendran [17].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2016

Animal Review

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Ultrasonographic appearance of tissue is a better indicator of CL function than CL diameter measurement in dairy cows

Cited by 38 publications

References 13 publications

Assessment of luteal function by ultrasonographic appearance and measurement of corpora lutea in goats

Assessment of luteal function by ultrasonographic appearance and measurement of corpora lutea in goats

Morphometry of ovarian structures by transrectal ultrasonography in Serrana goats

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