Ultrasonographic evaluation of bladder volume in young children

Hiraoka, Masahiro; Hori, Chikahide; Tsuchida, Shinya; Sudo, Masakatsu

doi:10.1007/bf02254209

Cited by 16 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Furthermore, the bladder is formed within the body by the detrusor muscle and is layered from outer to inner with circular and longitudinal muscle fibers with sub-mucous coating and transitional epithelium as the inner layer (Gray 1942). Hiraoka et al (1995) estimated the bladder volume of children using ultrasonography. For young children (a few months old) the median bladder volume was about 20 mL.…”

Section: Anatomy Of Pediatric Bladdermentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiometric temperature reading of a hot ellipsoidal object inside the oral cavity by a shielded microwave antenna put flush to the cheek

Klemetsen

Jacobsen²,

Birkelund³

2012

Phys. Med. Biol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract.A new scheme for detection of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children has recently been proposed in the literature. The idea is to warm bladder urine via microwave exposure to at least fever temperatures, and observe potential urine reflux from the bladder back to the kidneys by medical radiometry. As a preliminary step towards realization of this detection device, we present non invasive temperature monitoring by use of microwave radiometry in adults to observe temperature dynamics in vivo of a water filled balloon placed within the oral cavity. The relevance of the approach with respect to detection of VUR in children is motivated by comparing the oral cavity and cheek tissue with axial CT images of young children in the bladder region. Both anatomical locations reveal a triple-layered tissue structure consisting of skin-fat-muscle with a total thickness of about 8-10 mm. In order to mimic variations in urine temperature, the target balloon was flushed with water coupled to a heat exchanger, that was moved between waterbaths of different temperature, to induce measurable temperature gradients.The applied radiometer has a center frequency of 3.5 GHz and provides a sensitivity (accuracy) of 0.03 o C for a data acquisition time of 2 secs. Three different scenarios were tested and included observation through the cheek tissue with and without an intervening water bolus compartment present. In all cases, radiometric readings observed over a time span of 900 secs were shown to be highly correlated (R∼0.93) with in situ temperatures obtained by fiberoptic probes. 71Radiometric temperature reading of a hot object inside the oral cavity 2

show abstract

Section: Anatomy Of Pediatric Bladdermentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiometric temperature reading of a hot ellipsoidal object inside the oral cavity by a shielded microwave antenna put flush to the cheek

Klemetsen

Jacobsen²,

Birkelund³

2012

Phys. Med. Biol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Da sich Formel des Rotationsellipsoides und die Modifikationen der Quaderformel lediglich durch einen konstanten Faktor voneinander unterscheiden, ist es verständlich, dass sie sich gleichsinnig verhalten, wobei die nicht modifizierte Quaderformel als obere Abschätzung das Blasenvolumen so deutlich überschätzt, dass der Effekte der Unterschätzung kleiner Volumina nicht mehr zum Tragen kommt. Alter von bis zu etwas mehr als 2 Jahren hat er festgestellt, dass bei kleinen Kindern eine andere, längsovalere Harnblasenform vorherrscht als bei älteren Kindern einer Vergleichsstudie[11,17]. Eine andere mögliche Erklärung liegt in der Tatsache, dass eine nur gering gefüllte Harnblase dem durch den Schallkopf ausgeübten Druck stärker nachgibt als eine gut gefüllte Harnblase mit entsprechend höherem Füllungsdruck, sodass gering gefüllte Harnblasen eher die Form eines Quaders annehmen und entsprechend die Quaderformel für kleine Volumina unter den in der vorliegenden Studie getesteten Formeln die besten Ergebnisse lieferte.…”

unclassified