Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Cholelithiasis with Family History among Adults in Swabi

Abstract

Background: Gallstones, formed within the gallbladder, can lead to serious health complications in adults. Factors such as obesity and age are well-recognized contributors to gallstone formation. However, the influence of family history on the development of cholelithiasis remains unclear. Objective: This study aims to investigate whether a family history of gallstones increases the likelihood of developing this condition in adults living in Swabi, using ultrasonographic techniques. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over four months, involving 125 adults diagnosed at Bacha Khan Medical Complex, Swabi, KP, Pakistan. Participants were selected based on a history of cholelithiasis and underwent ultrasonographic examinations using a Toshiba prime machine with convex (3.0—5.0 MHz) and linear (7.0—14.0 MHz) transducers. Family medical history was collected via structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0, focusing on the prevalence and potential familial ties of gallstone disease. Results: Of the participants surveyed, 97.7% (n=125) were diagnosed with cholelithiasis, indicating a high prevalence of the condition. Among those with gallstones, 36.2% reported a positive family history, suggesting a significant association between familial history and the occurrence of cholelithiasis. Conclusion: The study underscores a substantial prevalence of cholelithiasis among adults in Swabi, with a notable association to family history, highlighting the need for further investigation into genetic predispositions and preventive strategies for those at risk.