Ultrasonographic measurement of the components of ocular refraction in life

Leary, George A.; Sorsby, Arnold; Richards, Mel; Chaston, Jennifer

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(63)90025-7

Cited by 24 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…164 Accordingly, as an ultrasonic pulse is directed through the eye, reflected echoes are generated at each change in media density. They suggested that the internal fixation target may have induced variations in the interface and are unhindered by opacification.…”

Section: Distortion-free Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractive Status of the Eye

Rosenfield¹

2006

Borish's Clinical Refraction

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Section: Distortion-free Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractive Status of the Eye

Rosenfield¹

2006

Borish's Clinical Refraction

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“…[8][9][10] Standoff chambers with flexible membranes were designed to contact the cornea without compressing the globe. 11 The dimensions of interest were usually those along the visual axis of the eye. Yamamoto et al 12 improved these measurements by using a transducer with a central translucent area; subjects viewed a light shining through this region to align the beam along the visual axis.…”

Section: Biometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

History of Ophthalmic Ultrasound

Lizzi

Coleman

2004

J of Ultrasound Medicine

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We acknowledge the important contributions of our many colleagues and coworkers who have helped advance ophthalmic ultrasound over the last 4 decades. We also acknowledge more than 30 years of continuous support of our research by the National Eye Institute (grant R01-EY01212), now being continued under grant R01-EB000238 awarded by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering.Abbreviations IOL, intraocular lens; LASIK, laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis; 3D, 3-dimensional n the half century since its first ocular application, ultrasound has become a standard diagnostic modality in ophthalmology. The emergence of ophthalmic ultrasound has been brought about by international contributions from physicians, engineers, and sonographers.As detailed with citations in subsequent sections, the development of ophthalmic ultrasound followed a course that differed in several respects from that of other medical specialties. These differences reflect special needs imposed by the nature of ocular tissue and the goals of clinical examinations. The eye presents a microcosm of tissue types in terms of acoustic properties; they include the anechoic vitreous humor, the highly absorptive ocular lens, the thin (150-µm) retina, and pathologic structures (eg, choroidal melanomas) with complex internal structures. The overall geometry of ocular tissues is relatively simple, permitting many early examinations to provide useful clinical results on the basis of A-mode examination and B-mode images with limited gray scale. Early success with simple systems delayed an emphasis on developing gray scale B-mode instruments, which were first introduced in other specialties. Biometry (eg, measurement of the axial length of the eye) is particularly important in ophthalmology; thus, much early attention was directed at measuring propagation velocities and developing high-frequency transducers that could resolve dimensions on the order of the corneal thickness (0.5 mm). The need to accurately image and measure tissue contours led to the development of sophisticated B-mode systems and motivated some of the first studies of ultrasonic beam aberration by tissue structures.The most important difference between ophthalmic requirements and those of other specialties is the need to examine small structures. This requires the use of higher frequencies, which are practical because the eye is superficial, and its chambers contain low-absorption, waterlike ocular humors. Ophthalmic ultrasound has benefited from the emergence of requisite high-

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“…Auge hat sich das Ultraschall-Impuls-Echo-Verfahren erwiesen, die sogenannte Ultraschalibiometrie. Sie steilt in vielen Fallen den einzig klinisch gangbaren Weg dar, zu einer Längeninformation die axialen Teilstrecken des Auges zu gelangen (8,9,11). Bei der klinischen Anwendung werden meist Schirmbildfotos von A-Bild-Echogrammen mittels elektronischer Zeitmagstabe geeicht und mit Stechzirkel und Lineal ausgewertet.…”

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Neuartige Ultraschallbiometrie

Lepper¹,

Trier²,

Reuter³

1980

Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd

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A new measuring system for echo return times is described, which renders it possible to measure simultaneously the three axial lengths of the living eye (length of cornea plus anterior chamber, length of the lens and of the vitreous) with ultrasound in real time and to process the data numerically. The repetition rate for the measurements is optimized up to the limit: each transmitted wave is registered. The computer either generates a measuring protocol with statistical data (mean value, standard deviation) or the variation of the three echo return times is displayed graphically. In clinical practice the unit is used routinely for rapid determination of optimal implant lenses, etc.

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Ultrasonographic measurement of the components of ocular refraction in life

Cited by 24 publications

References 6 publications

Refractive Status of the Eye

Refractive Status of the Eye

History of Ophthalmic Ultrasound

Neuartige Ultraschallbiometrie

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