Ultrasonography of the urogenital tract in dogs and cats

Abstract

Transverse ultrasonogram of the left kidney of a four-year-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat with a left ureteral obstruction. There is moderate to severe hydronephrosis, with the hypoechoic dilated renal pelvis resembling the shape of a bull

Ultrasonography of the feline kidney

“…22 An increased cortical echogenicity may therefore be identified in Resistive index (RI) is used to estimate vascular resistance and is measured by pulsed wave Doppler examination of the interlobar or arcuate arteries. 2,13 It is calculated by the following formula: 2, [14][15][16] Increased vascular resistance reduces diastolic flow to a greater degree than systolic flow, resulting in an increase in the RI. 2,16 An RI >0.70, 2,15,16 or >0.71, 17,18 is considered abnormal.…”

“…Increased vascular resistance reduces diastolic flow to a greater degree than systolic flow, resulting in an increase in the RI. 2,16 An RI >0.70, 2,15,16 or >0.71, 17,18 is considered abnormal. Normally, no significant difference is present between right and left kidney indices.…”

“…2,19 Note that an increased RI is a non-specific finding and is seen (although not invariably) in cases of acute obstruction, acute renal disease, acute tubular necrosis, glomerulopathy, perinephric or subcapsular fluid accumulation and severe hypotension. 2,5,16,18 Therefore, RI evaluation is not recommended as a screening test for the presence of renal disease, but rather should be considered an ancillary diagnostic aid. 14,18…”

Case Report: Haematuria in a 10-year-old male neutered Labrador

“…Fine needle aspirate (FNA) of masses of the bladder, prostate or urethra is generally not recommended due to the potential for neoplastic seeding along the needle tract (Nyland et al ., 2002). Obtaining a sample via ultrasound guided urinary catheter or cystoscopy is considered preferable (Webster, 2009).…”