Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in sports-related muscle injuries

Megliola, Antonia; Eutropi, F.; Scorzelli, A.; Gambacorta, D.; Marchi, Armanda De; Filippo, Massimo De; Faletti, Carlo; Ferrari, Franco

doi:10.1007/s11547-006-0077-5

Cited by 47 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…As always, the clinical examination is the base for diagnosis, but at the professional level different sorts of imaging are frequently used to enhance the quality of the diagnosis in order to better prognosticate healing time and lay-off from football. MRI has been the preferred modality in recent years and has offered a highly detailed imaging analysis of the extent of injury 16 18–20 28…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hamstring muscle injuries in professional football: the correlation of MRI findings with return to play

et al. 2011

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BackgroundHamstring injury is the single most common injury in professional football. MRI is commonly used to confi rm the diagnosis and provide a prognosis of lay-off time.Objective To evaluate the use of MRI as a prognostic tool for lay-off after hamstring injuries in professional football players and to study the association between MRI fi ndings and injury circumstances. Methods Prospective cohort study where 23 European professional teams, were followed between 2007 and 2011. Team medical staffs recorded individual player exposure and time-loss injuries. Radiological grading was performed using a modifi ed Peetrons classifi cation into four grades where grades 2 and 3 represent fi bre disruption. Results In total, 516 hamstring injuries occurred and 58% of these were examined by MRI. Thirteen per cent were grade 0 injuries, 57% grade 1, 27% of grade 2 and 3% of grade 3. Grade 0 and 1 injuries accounted for 56% (2141/3830 days) of the total lay-off. The layoff time differed between all four radiological grades of injury (8±3, 17±10, 22±11 and 73±60 days, p<0.0001). Eighty-three per cent of injuries affected the biceps femoris while 11% and 5% occurred to the semimembranosus and semitendinosus, respectively. Re-injuries (N=34/207) constituted 16% of injuries. All re-injuries occurred to the biceps femoris. Conclusion MRI can be helpful in verifying the diagnosis of a hamstring injury and to prognosticate layoff time. Radiological grading is associated with lay-off times after injury. Seventy per cent of hamstring injuries seen in professional football are of radiological grade 0 or 1, meaning no signs of fi bre disruption on MRI, but still cause the majority of absence days.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hamstring muscle injuries in professional football: the correlation of MRI findings with return to play

et al. 2011

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“…The UBM frequencies used in most applications vary from 40 to 60MHz, corresponding to a resolution on the order of micrometers. That range of frequencies allows the generation of images of muscular tissue of small animals similar to those acquired with conventional ultrasound for humans (Megliola et al, 2006;Jacobson, 1999;Hashimoto et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound biomicroscopy for biomechanical characterization of healthy and injured triceps surae of rats

Peixinho

Ribeiro

Resende

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Recently, Eng et al. (Eng et al., 2008) presented a study that examined muscle architecture and fiber type in the rat hindlimb to define the functional specialization of each muscle. Nevertheless, a literature search for studies quantifying skeletal muscle architectural parameters of rats in vivo was unsuccessful. Studies with animals related to the degeneration-regeneration process subsequent to muscle injury are restricted to in vitro analysis and do not permit longitudinal follow-up. SUMMARY This work describes the use of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) to follow up the degeneration-regeneration process after a laceration injury induced in the lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and soleus (SOL) muscles of rats. UBM (40MHz) images were acquiredand used for biomechanical characterization of muscular tissue, specifically using pennation angle (PA) and muscle thickness (MT). The animals were distributed in three groups: the variability group (VG; N5), the gastrocnemius injured group (GG; N6) and the soleus injured group (SG; N5). VG rats were used to assess data variability and reliability (coefficients of variation of 9.37 and 3.97% for PA and MT, respectively). GG and SG rats were submitted to the injury protocol in the LG and SOL muscles of the right legs, respectively. UBM images of muscles of both legs were acquired at the following time points: before and after injury (immediately, 7, 14, 21 and 28days). We observed an increase in PA for the non-injured leg 28days after injury for both GG and SG rats (GG10.68 to 16.53deg and SG9.65 to 14.06deg; P<0.05). Additionally, MT presented a tendency to increase (GG2.92 to 3.13mm and SG2.12 to 2.35mm). Injured legs maintained pre-injury PA and MT values. It is suggested that a compensatory hypertrophic response due to the overload condition imposed to healthy leg. The results indicate that UBM allows qualitative and quantitative muscle differentiation among healthy and injured muscle at different stages after lesion.

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“…Subtle injuries however, particularly in deep muscles, can be easier to detect with MRI. 22 Grade II injuries are partial ruptures involving 5-50% of the cross sectional diameter of a muscle with associated bleeding and muscle fibre retraction. Ultrasound will reveal a hypoechoic or anechoic gap within the muscle fibres, where there is discontinuity of fibres and haematoma formation (Figure 2(a) and (b)).…”

Section: Muscle Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound of lower limb sports injuries

Purohit

King

2015

Ultrasound

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Musculoskeletal ultrasound utilises high-frequency linear transducers to produce high-resolution images of soft tissue structures. It is an increasingly useful tool in the assessment of both acute and chronic musculoskeletal injuries; it is relatively cheap, portable and can be used to facilitate targeted injections. In this review paper, we aim to provide a summary on the normal and abnormal appearances of skeletal tissue in the setting of acute and chronic lower limb sporting injuries.

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Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in sports-related muscle injuries

Abstract: US is the first-line technique for examination of muscle injuries. MRI is able to reveal lesions that may be missed at US and provide a more accurate assessment of site and extent of injury.

Cited by 47 publications

References 31 publications

Hamstring muscle injuries in professional football: the correlation of MRI findings with return to play

Hamstring muscle injuries in professional football: the correlation of MRI findings with return to play

Ultrasound biomicroscopy for biomechanical characterization of healthy and injured triceps surae of rats

Ultrasound of lower limb sports injuries

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