2018
DOI: 10.1002/jum.14593
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Ultrasound and the Evaluation of Pediatric Thyroid Malignancy: Current Recommendations for Diagnosis and Follow‐up

Abstract: Ultrasound (US) plays a critical role in the evaluation, treatment, screening, and surveillance of thyroid malignancy in pediatric patients. This review aims to summarize recent advances in this topic. Improvements in imaging technology have amplified the advantage of US and US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy for thyroid nodule evaluation, cancer diagnosis, and surgical planning. Ultrasound has a definitive screening role for early cancer detection in high-risk patients, including those with a history of … Show more

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Cited by 9 publications
(4 citation statements)
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References 78 publications
(204 reference statements)
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“…Neck ultrasound (nUS) is the cornerstone of the clinical management of thyroid nodule in pediatric patients, as well as adults [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. According to the American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines [ 1 ], sonographic evaluation of thyroid nodules in children should be modeled on 2009 ATA guidelines for adults [ 13 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Neck ultrasound (nUS) is the cornerstone of the clinical management of thyroid nodule in pediatric patients, as well as adults [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. According to the American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines [ 1 ], sonographic evaluation of thyroid nodules in children should be modeled on 2009 ATA guidelines for adults [ 13 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cervical US is the most common imaging modality employed while evaluating thyroid disease in both pediatric and adult patients. [84][85][86][87] US is also well suited to evaluate the lateral neck for lymphadenopathy, and it is commonly used to provide visualization for fine-needle biopsies of both thyroid and extrathyroidal lesions. Central neck nodes can be visualized in selected patients.…”
Section: Cross-sectional Imaging For Bulky Lymphadenopathymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cross-sectional imaging by CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide useful information beyond what is obtained by US, such as the central neck. 1,56,84,88 We chose to emphasize a few scenarios, in particular, that benefit from such imaging.…”
Section: Cross-sectional Imaging For Bulky Lymphadenopathymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Neck ultrasound (US) is the first choice in the detection of thyroid nodules in pediatric and adult patients (8)(9)(10). Adult-based neck US risk stratification systems (RSSs) have been developed in recent years to integrate US features and improve diagnostic accuracy as an aid in the stratification of the risk of malignancy, such as the American College of Radiology-Thyroid Imaging Reporting And Data System (ACR-TIRADS), American Thyroid Association Ultrasound Risk Stratification Systems (ATA RSS), European Thyroid Imaging and Reporting Data System (EU-TIRADS), Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (K-TIRADS), and Kwak Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (Kwak-TIRADS) (11)(12)(13)(14)(15).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%