Ultrasound Assessment of Penile Blood Flow Following Caudal Block in Children; A Pilot Study

Caudal block for hypospadias repair: Unfolding the controversy through statistical analysis and how we can put it all to rest!

“…While interesting, neuraxial anesthesia generally does not result in a sympathectomy in young children 14 . This was confirmed during a recent ultrasound study which did not identify an association between penile arterial or venous blood flows following a caudal block in children undergoing circumcision 15 …”

“…14 This was confirmed during a recent ultrasound study which did not identify an association between penile arterial or venous blood flows following a caudal block in children undergoing circumcision. 15 Previous studies have reported either combined outcomes for the proximal and distal meatus hypospadias groups and or included "other" complications (e.g., meatal stenosis, hematoma formation or infection). The studies reporting positive association between caudal block and complications reflect the results of a single surgeon and or a small sample size or number of complications as evidenced by their wide CIs.…”