Ultrasound assisted catalytic oxidative desulfurization of diesel oil using CdO nanoparticles

Sono-oxidative desulfurization of fuels using heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts: A comprehensive review

“…AOPs were utilized in combination with sonolysis. Despite high desulfurization under both US and UV or visible light in AOPs [71] , [80] , [81] , where photocatalysts are used, these high desulfurization yields were reached in 6,5 and 3 h, respectively, for the respective studies. In photocatalysis, a light energy such as UV or visible light is absorbed by photocatalyst (e.g., TiO 2 ), and the electron is excited by passing from the valence band to the conduction band, and thus an electron-hole pair is formed on photocatalyst.…”

“…In the studies performed by Yu et al [80] and Zhao et al [81] , sonophotocatalytic oxidative desulfurization of hydrotreated diesel oil and model diesel oil using CdO as semiconductor and H 2 O 2 as oxidant was investigated and desulfurization efficiencies were found to be 72.7 and 99.47%, respectively. The high desulfurization in the latter under 20 kHz and 150 W US can be attributed to primarily the use of the model sulfur solution prepared by dissolving the organosulfur compound in a solvent instead of hydrogenated diesel fuel, which consists of a complex mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons [82] , and acetic acid to increase the oxidizing power of H 2 O 2 and secondarily to the catalyst with a smaller grain size (i.e.…”

“…As noted above, reaction times are very high in studies [71] , [80] , [81] , where photocatalyst was used. Therefore, this will lead to higher electrical energy consumption for US, UV and heating, if any, increasing the operating cost in AOP.…”