Ultrasound‐assisted dispersive liquid‐phase microextraction by solidifying L‐menthol‐decanoic acid hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents for detection of five fungicides in fruit juices and tea drinks

Abstract

An ecofriendly and efficient ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvents dispersive liquid-phase microextraction by solidifying the deep eutectic solvents-rich phase was developed to determine azoxystrobin, fludioxonil, epoxiconazole, cyprodinil, and prochloraz in fruit juices and tea drinks by high-performance liquid chromatography. A varieties of environmental hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents serving as extraction agents were prepared using L-menthol and decanoic acid as hydrogen-bond acceptor and hydrogen-bond donor, respectively. The deep eutectic solvents were ultrasonically dispersed in sample solutions, solidified in a freezer and easily harvested. The main variables were optimized by one-factorat-a-time and response surface test. The new method performs well with relative recovery of 71.75-109.40%, linear range of 2.5-5000 μg/L (r ≥ 0.9968), detection limit of 0.75-8.45 μg/L, quantification limit of 2.5-25 μg/L, , and inter-and intraday relative standard deviations below 13.53 and 14.84%, respectively. As for the extraction mechanism, deep eutectic solvents were disposed into many fine particles in the solution and captured the analytes based on the changes of particle size and quantity in deep eutectic solvents droplets after extraction. The environmental method can successfully detect fungicide residues in real fruit juices and tea drinks.

Physically Cross-Linked Titania-Supported Novel Eutectogels as Solid-State Electrolytes: An Experimental and Quantum Chemical Investigation

“…The resistive behavior of the Egels is also in agreement with the fact that carboxylic acid-based DESs with low water content (<2 wt %) typically possess very low conductivities at room temperature. 65,66 Additionally, the systems are seen to deviate from their double-layer capacitive nature. This is probably because of the apparent higher viscosity of the gelated DESs, and the lack of polarity and a suitable conducting pathway for the movement of ions in the solution, resulting in low ionic conductivity and high electrolyte ionic resistance inside the electrode pores.…”

Deep Eutectic Solvents: Are They Safe?

“…DESs have attracted the attention of the scientific community because of their potential applications. These mixtures can be used in organic synthesis, electrochemistry, extraction media [30][31][32][33][34], biotechnology or biodiesel [35][36][37] synthesis and separation processes [38,39], as a solvent in biological assays or enzymatic reactions [40], in biocatalysis [41,42], or in biomedical applications [43][44][45][46]. Additionally, they have been used in the pharmaceutical industry as excipients for increasing the solubility of hydrophobic drugs, or in drug delivery formulations [47][48][49][50][51].…”

Ultrasound-assisted switchable hydrophilic solvent-based homogeneous liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of triazole fungicides in environmental water by GC-MS

“…Studies have proved that TFs are toxic, and long-term exposure to excessive triazole fungicides in water will have many adverse effects on human health and aquatic organisms, such as nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, mental changes, acute kidney injury, and other serious health problems in humans, and the development of aquatic organisms in the early life stage will also be delayed. [4][5][6][7] Therefore, there is an urgent need and desire to develop a highly sensitive and reliable method to monitor TFs in environmental waters.…”