Ultrasound assisted electrodeposition of Zn and Zn-TiO2 coatings

Self-lubricating Cu-MWCNT coatings deposited from an ecofriendly glutamate-based electrolyte

“…The latter indicates that US irradiation affects the electrocrystallization process inducing a change in the preferred crystal orientation of Cu deposits changing the texture from (111) [37] to a (311) and (220). This effect has been already observed during Zn [35] and Ni [38] composites electrodeposition. It can be seen in Fig.…”

“…To avoid variations on the US field applied on the reaction surface [38], the cell was always placed in the center of the US bath while the water level was controlled and kept unchanged during this study. Using this experimental set-up, the power delivered to the electrolytic cell is equal to 28 mW/cm 3 , determined by the calorimetric method [35,38]. It is worth noting that ultrasonic irradiation was used both to provide electrolyte agitation and keep particles suspended and dispersed during the entire test.…”

“…In contrast, uniformly distributed Cu-CNT coatings can be easily achieved by electrocodeposition by adjusting the process parameters, if particles are properly dispersed in the plating solution. Several approaches have been suggested to avoid CNT agglomeration in the electrolyte [21], of which ultrasound (US) assisted electrodeposition is the most promising [32][33][34][35][36] as it promotes particle dispersion and incorporation into the metallic matrix at the same time. In addition to this, electrodeposition is a versatile (little geometries restrictions) and cost-effective (low vacuum or high temperatures are not required) technology and has been largely used to modify the surface properties of structural materials.…”

Ultrasound-assisted electrodeposition of thin nickel-based composite coatings with lubricant particles

“…The GD-OES depth profiles obtained for the Ni/hBN composites point to a slightly different trend: (i) a region near the surface of the coating with high hBN particle content, and (ii) the bulk coating with low particle content which progressively increases towards the coating-substrate interface, where it reaches its highest value. The high particle content observed in the region near the surface in both composites can be attributed to the adherence of some of the particles in the electrolyte to the surface of the coating once the electrodeposition process is completed, a phenomenon quite common when depositing composite coatings with embedded particles, as noticed in other works where GD-OES was used to analyse the depth profile of different composite coatings [37][38][39].…”

Controlled adsorption of titanium(IV) oxide particles on electroplated zinc coatings to improve the corrosion resistance of chromium(VI)‐free conversion layers

“…Presently, a strong emphasis on the development of advanced functional and smart coatings for corrosion protection in different technological applications is observable [3]. One approach to increase wear and corrosion protection of conventional applications is the incorporation of hard particles in zinc coatings by electrodeposition with hexavalent chromium free passivation layers [4][5][6][7], which would reduce problems related to crack and hole formation in such coatings. However, in electrolytes submicron particles tend to significantly agglomerate due to strong electrostatic particle-particle interactions as a result of the high electrical conductivity of electrolytes.…”