Ultrasound-assisted extraction of anthraquinones from roots of Morinda citrifolia

Abstract

This study investigated the use of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) to improve the extraction efficiency of the classical solvent extraction techniques such as maceration and soxhlet extraction to extract anti-oxidant activity compounds, anthraquinones, from the root of Morinda citrifolia. The effects of different extraction conditions were determined, i.e., temperature of (25, 45, 60 degrees C), ultrasonic power, solvent types, and compositions of ethanol in ethanol-water mixtures. The results show that the yield increases with increasing extraction times and extraction temperatures. The percent recovery of anthraquinones using ultrasound was found to be highly dependent on the type of solvents (acetone > acetonitrile > methanol > ethanol). Furthermore, the use of ethanol-water solution as extraction solvent increased the yield of anthraquinones due to the relative polarity, the swelling effect of plant tissue matrix by water, and increased sound absorption. To achieve the same recovery as that achieved by UAE, soxhlet extraction and maceration required much longer time.

Study of the Efficacy of Two Extraction Techniques from <i>Crithmum maritimum</i> and<i> Salicornia europaea</i>

“…The production of cavitation bubbles in the solvent in the UAE extraction promotes better extraction yield and antioxidant activity [33]. Also TFC of extracts by SFE were significantly lower than the antioxidant compounds of extract obtained by UAE for both plants.…”

“…As can be observed, the yield and TFC values were significantly lower in SFE extracts as compared to UAE extracts. According to other works in the literature, UAE significantly increases the extraction yield and the phenolic compounds of many natural matrices, reducing the extraction time compared to alternative extraction methods as SFE [13,33].…”

“…This could be due to the fact that ethanol has higher viscosity than water (0.684 and 0.5465 mPa·s at 50 °C, respectively), which allows not only diffusing with major difficultly into the matrix but also reducing the force of the implosion of the cavitation bubbles [33]. Furthermore, several studies agree that using highly pure organic solvents can lead to the dehydration and collapse of plant cells, as well as denaturation of the proteins of the cell wall, thus making further difficult the extraction of bioactive compounds [34].…”

Frying stability of sunflower oil blended with jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.) leaf extract

“…Our results concurred with previously published results such as the works by Hemwimol et al. (2006) and Rodríguez‐Rojo et al. (2012) that reported the ultrasound‐assisted extraction method was more effective in extraction of plant materials compared to other techniques.…”

“…This is in accordance with the findings of Hemwimol et al. (2006). The extraction yields of different techniques in descending order were ultrasound > microwave‐assisted > solvent extraction.…”