Ultrasound assisted extraction of polysaccharides from hazelnut skin

Abstract

In this study ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) of polysaccharides from hazelnut skin has been studied. Optimum sonication time has been evaluated depending on responses such as amount of carbohydrate and dried sample and thermogravimetric analysis. Chemical and structural properties of extracted material have been determined by Fourier transform spectroscopy attenuated-total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy. Pretreated hazelnut skin powders were extracted in distilled water. Mixture was sonicated by ultrasonic processor probe for 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min. The results of UAE showed that maximum ethanol insoluble extracts in 60 min and the highest dry matter content could be obtained in 120 min extraction. Although total carbohydrate content of ethanol insoluble dry extract decreased with time, total carbohydrate in ethanol soluble fraction increased. Polysaccharides extracted from hazelnut skin were assumed to be pectic polysaccharide according to the literature survey of FTIR analysis result. Application time of UAE has an important effect on extraction of polysaccharide from hazelnut skin. This affect could be summarized by enhancing extraction yield up to critical level. Decrease of the yield in ethanol insoluble part could be explained by polymer decomposition. Most suitable model was hyperbolic model by having the lowest root mean square error and the highest R(2) values.

Modeling and Optimization of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction Parameters using Response Surface Methodology for Water Soluble Polysaccharide Extraction from Hazelnut Skin

“…; Xu et al . ; Yilmaz and Tavman ). During polysaccharide extraction from corn silk, yield decrease was observed due to degradation after determined optimal sonication condition about 20 min (Prakash Maran et al .…”

“…Consumed energy was directly related to application duration but effect of time on CPS was quite complicated by both increasing and decreasing CPS yield depending on its level. It was known that most of the extractible materials could be removed from broken cells at the early period of extraction in sonication systems due to mass transfer promoting ability of created bubbles during sound waves movement through liquid medium and further application might be a negative effect such as causing degradation on extracted substances (Hromadkova and Ebringerova 2003;Liu et al 2010;Prakash Maran et al 2013b;Kumcuoglu et al 2014;Xu et al 2014;Yilmaz and Tavman 2015). During polysaccharide extraction from corn silk, yield decrease was observed due to degradation after determined optimal sonication condition about 20 min (Prakash Maran et al 2013a) and after 30 min extraction, pectin yield was decreased (Moorthy et al 2015).…”

Optimization of ultrasound‐assisted extraction of polysaccharides from perilla seed meal by response surface methodology: Characterization and in vitro antioxidant activities

“…Polysaccharides were extracted by ultrasound‐assisted method from hazelnut skin and tobacco leaves. Further, the extraction conditions were successfully optimized using RSM for the maximum yield (Liu, He, Tian, Li, & Xu, 2015; Yılmaz and Tavman, 2016).…”

Extraction, characterization, and rheology of Opuntia ficus indica cladode polysaccharides

“…Briefly, the sample was hydrolyzed in TFA at 100°C and acid was removed before injection of 25 ml sample into the Zorbax column using mobile phase (acetonitrile/water) (Antunes-Ricardo et al, 2017;Gheribi et al, 2018Gheribi et al, , 2019. Infrared spectroscopy analyses were carried out using Attenuated-Total Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR, Agilent Cary 600 series FTIR spectrometer, USA) in the wavenumber range of 400-4000 cm −1 at a resolution of 4 cm −1 (Bayar et al, 2017;Yilmaz & Tavman, 2016). Esterification value is determined as applied in a study about ultrasonic extraction of cladode polysaccharides (Yılmaz, 2020).…”