Ultrasound‐assisted extraction optimization of polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant compounds from fruit of Melia azedarach using a glycerol‐based green deep eutectic solvent

Abstract

Plants (herbs, shrubs, and trees) are a major source of bioactive and industrially important chemical compounds such as polyphenols including flavonoids having medicinal importance (Efferth & Koch, 2011). The natural products generally have complex structures with many functional groups and several chiral centers.Consequently, it is often difficult to synthesize these substances in the laboratory. To synthesize such compounds is also a costly affair as often the synthesis involves many steps each with its own problems. Due to these and other difficulties, it is generally more viable to extract the desired natural products from plants having good amounts of these substances. In the last decades, a wide research work has been done on process and techniques used for extraction. Efficacy, cost, and environment-responsiveness are some of the main desirable attributes that a viable extraction process or technique should have (Aydar, 2019).The plant Melia azedarach Linn (family: Meliaceae) is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia. The fruit of the plant is a drupe, marble-sized, having four to five seeds grooved in the shell. The genus Melia includes around 20 species. M. azedarach

Qualitative Analysis of Polyphenols in Glycerol Plant Extracts Using Untargeted Metabolomics

“…Furthermore, this workflow can be extended to all types of plant extracts from fruits, flowers, leaves, and roots. Glycerol is a viable alternative to other benchmark solvents, such as ethanol and methanol, for the generation of plant extracts with wide application in the medical, food, cosmetic, and agriculture industries [49,59]. Advancements in the analytical methods used to analyse glycerol plant extracts aid in establishing a circular economy by reducing waste and promoting eco-friendly solvents [60].…”

“…Previously, the removal of glycerol to allow for compound analysis has been identified as a shortcoming in adopting glycerol over benchmark alcoholic solvents [17]. Application of glycerol as a primary or co-solvent for the extraction of polyphenols from fruits and their waste has been conducted on grapefruit peels [47], bottle gourd fruit [48], chinaberry [49,50], black chokeberry [51], eggplant peel [52], orange peel [53], and red grape pomace [54]. However, none of these studies reports a method to remove glycerol during sample preparation or utilises UPLC-Q-TOF-MS-MS analysis.…”

Modelling and optimization of polyphenol and antioxidant extraction from Rumex hastatus by green glycerol-water solvent according to response surface methodology

“…Anti-radical activity of the samples was assessed according to the reported DPPH assay ( Jamshaid et al., 2022 ; Xu et al., 2021 ). In a 96-well microplate, 10 μL sample and 90 μL deionized water was put in.…”