Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Optimization of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Ceratophyllum demersum L. and Identification of Phytochemical Profiling by HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS

Abstract

Ceratophyllum demersum L. (CDL) is a traditional Chinese herb to treat many diseases, but research on its anti-diabetic activity is not available. In this research, the α-glucosidase inhibitory ability and phytochemical constituents of CDL extract were firstly studied. Optimal ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions for α-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) were optimized by single factor experiment and response surface methodology (RSM), which was confirmed as 70% methanol, liquid-to-solid ratio of 43 (mL/g), extraction time of 54 min, ultrasonic power of 350 W, and extraction temperature of 40 °C. The lowest IC50 value for α-glucosidase inhibition was 0.15 mg dried material/mL (mg DM/mL), which was much lower than that of acarbose (IC50 value of 0.64 mg DM/mL). In total, 80 compounds including 8 organic acids, 11 phenolic acids, 25 flavonoids, 21 fatty acids, and 15 others were identified or tentatively identified from CDL extract by HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis. The results suggested that CDL could be a potential source of α-glucosidase inhibitors. It can also provide useful phytochemical information for research into other bioactivities.

Antibacterial Activity from Momordica charantia L. Leaves and Flavones Enriched Phase

“…A molecular family of glycosylated terpene derivatives (Figure 3) was detected in the EE. The ion of m/z 385.1856 is referent from peak 3, identified as hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethyl-3-(3-oxobutyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one glucoside, and the pathway of fragmentation has been shown in previous reports [50] According to Figure 2, the compounds 3, 22, 25, and 27 showed the presence of glycoside. In this sense, following the chemosystematic from the genus, for example, the compound 25 was characterized as momordicoside L isomer, a cucurbitane-type triterpenoid already reported for the species [52].…”

Hypoglycemic and H2O2-induced oxidative injury protective effects and the phytochemical profiles of the ethyl acetate fraction from Radix Paeoniae Alba

“…The separation and identification of compounds were performed using an HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS system (20). Briefly, the samples were separated by a YMC-Triart C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 µm, Japan) at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min.…”

“…Peak 5 was assigned as the procyanidin, and the MS/MS ion at 289 implied the existence of the epicatechin residue (20). Peak 7 with MS/MS ions at 271, 245, 205, 179, and 125 accounted for the characterization of catechin (26).…”

“…Gallic acid derivatives and gallotannins contain one or more galloyl moieties and showed the characteristic fragment ions at 169.0133 ([gallic acid-H] − ) and 125.0232 ([gallic acid-CO 2 -H] − ) (20). Peak 6 with the MS/MS ion at 169 was suggested as digallic acid, which was generated by the dehydration condensation of two gallic acids.…”

Antidiabetic Property Optimization from Green Leafy Vegetables Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction to Improve Cracker Production

“…Medications to inhibit α-glucosidase are therefore frequently prescribed to manage diabetes ( Li et al, 2022 ), but unfortunately α-glucosidase inhibitors are not suitable for everyone ( Hedrington and Davis, 2019 ) since they pose side effects that limit their usage, including gastrointestinal discomfort, diarrhea, and flatulence ( Liu et al, 2022 ). Recent studies have shown that natural inhibitors derived from plant-based sources offer promising blood sugar level regulation, improve insulin sensitivity, have fewer side effects, and reduce the risk of other complications associated with diabetes medications ( Li et al, 2020 ; Li et al, 2022 ; Liu et al, 2022 ).…”