Ultrasound-assisted hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent based solid-liquid microextraction of Sudan dyes in spice samples

A Critical Review of Emerging Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents’ Applications in Food Chemistry: Trends and Opportunities

“…In Sudan I analysis, there was no question that HDESs gave a reliable estimate and broader samples than hydrophilic DESs. More HDES (terpene-based) with coumarin and thymol (1:2) demonstrated lower Sudan I–IV detection limits (0.25–0.35 g/kg) in a study by Ozak et al, implying that there is still room for advancement in HDES usage for detecting azo dyes. Before measurement, coumarin:thymol HDES was used to enhance two forbidden triphenylmethane dyes (crystal violet (CV) and malachite green (MG)) and ammonium sulfate and surfactant TMN-10 were used as demulsifying and emulsifying agents, correspondingly, in their HDES-emulsification LLME technique .…”

Origin of structural and dynamic heterogeneity in thymol and coumarin-based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents as revealed by molecular dynamics

“…70 The thymol : coumarin (1 : 1) HDES exhibited better performance as compared to conventional solvents, with advantages like a fast processing and an environmentally friendly method. 70 Hansen et al utilized thymol and coumarin-based HDESs for electromembrane extraction (EME), acting as highly efficient supported liquid membranes (SLM), and found a crucial role for hydrogen bonding interactions in the EME process. 71 A fair amount of experimental work exists showing the employment of thymol and coumarin-based HDESs in multiple applications.…”

“…69 Ozak et al employed thymol and coumarin-based HDESs for Sudan dye extraction from samples of spices. 70 The thymol : coumarin (1 : 1) HDES exhibited better performance as compared to conventional solvents, with advantages like a fast processing and an environmentally friendly method. 70 Hansen et al utilized thymol and coumarin-based HDESs for electromembrane extraction (EME), acting as highly efficient supported liquid membranes (SLM), and found a crucial role for hydrogen bonding interactions in the EME process.…”

“…71 A fair amount of experimental work exists showing the employment of thymol and coumarinbased HDESs in multiple applications. [68][69][70][71] However, theoretical studies focusing on the formulation mechanism by highlighting various key interactions and the dynamic behavior of thymol and coumarin-based HDESs are not available in the literature.…”

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“…Moreover, they are classified as carcinogenic compounds [25], the reason why their use in food is banned in 32 countries [26]. Therefore, the development of a rapid and efficient method for their quantification is really actual [27][28][29][30].…”