“…It indicates that proper LFU treatment can remarkably decrease the size of ice crystals during freezing process. This was attributed to the induction of ice nucleation increasing the freezing rate (Kiani, Zhang, Delgado, & Sun, 2011;Xin et al, 2014a) and fragmentation of the pre-existing dendritic ice crystals into smaller nuclei promoting the secondary nucleation by LFU treatment (Chow, Blindt, Chivers, & Povey, 2003;Chow et al, 2005). Similar result was also obtained in agar gel samples (Kiani et al, 2013).…”