1998
DOI: 10.1016/s1350-4177(97)00044-8
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Ultrasound assisted PTC catalyzed saponification of vegetable oils using aqueous alkali

Abstract: A few vegetable oils were saponified using aqueous KOH and different PTCs at room temperature in the presence of ultrasound. The extent of saponification was studied using the saponification value as a reference. Optimizations of various parameters such as time, selection of PTC, quantity of PTC, quantity of KOH and quantity of water were carried out using soyabean oil as a sample oil under sonication with stirring. To study the effect of ultrasound, the saponification was also carried out at 35 +/- 2 degrees … Show more

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Cited by 26 publications
(12 citation statements)
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“…The reaction produces two layers of product that can be separated by using a separating funnel or by decantation. Homogenous catalysts can be recovered by neutralisation to salts and centrifugation (22); heterogeneous catalysts can be removed by filtration. Crude glycerol is obtained from the lower phase by removing water through vacuum distillation (23).…”
Section: Hydrolysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The reaction produces two layers of product that can be separated by using a separating funnel or by decantation. Homogenous catalysts can be recovered by neutralisation to salts and centrifugation (22); heterogeneous catalysts can be removed by filtration. Crude glycerol is obtained from the lower phase by removing water through vacuum distillation (23).…”
Section: Hydrolysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[36][37][38] Algumas melhorias para acelerar o processo Twitchell têm sido relatadas, como o uso diretamente de catalisadores de transferência de fase, tanto em meio ácido como básico, ou o uso destes com aplicação de ultrassom. 39,40 Trabalhos mais recentes revelaram que a hidrólise de óleos e gorduras pode ser catalisada por enzimas, mais especificamente por lipases. [41][42][43] Ting et al demonstraram que essas enzimas apresentam atividades tanto se colocadas livres no meio reacional como imobilizadas em algum polímero ou gel e não há a necessidade de altas temperaturas e nem de altas pressões.…”
Section: Figura 1 Reação De Transesterificação Ou Alcoólise De Triacunclassified
“…A large number of organic reactions can be carried out in higher yield, with a shorter reaction time or under milder conditions by ultrasonic irradiation [25,26]. In recent years, the combined ultrasonic technique and phase-transfer catalysis for the organic reactions have been reported [27][28][29][30][31]. Recently, an improved synthesis of oxime-ethers by the combination of phase-transfer catalysis and ultrasonic technique was carried out in high yield within a short time [1,32].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%