Ultrasound‐assisted supramolecular‐solvent‐based microextraction combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of chlorophenols in environmental water samples

Abstract

Ultrasound-assisted supramolecular-solvent-based microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of chlorophenols in environmental water samplesAn efficient, inexpensive and environmentally benign ultrasound-assisted supramolecularsolvent-based microextraction technique combined with high-performance liquid chromatography was used for the determination of chlorophenols in environmental water samples. Different factors such as amount of decanoic acid, volume of tetrahydrofuran, pH of the sample, ultrasound time and ionic strength were investigated and optimized. The optimized extraction conditions were 60 mg decanoic acid, 1.5 mL tetrahydrofuran, 3 min ultrasound time, without salt addition. Under this condition, the extraction recoveries were 83.0-89.3 with preconcentration factors of 94-102. The calibration curves were linear from 5.0-400.0 ng/mL with square of the correlation coefficient higher than 0.9998 and the limits of detection were between 1.5-2.0 ng/mL. The values of intra-and inter-day relative standard deviations were 3.2-6.0 and 7.3-8.0%, respectively. Analysis of different samples showed that the concentration of 2,5-dichlorophenol in Babolrood river water was 80.6 ng/mL.

Dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction coupled with pressure‐assisted electrokinetic injection for simultaneous enrichment of seven phenolic compounds in water samples followed by determination using capillary electrophoresis

“…They can represent serious health hazards due to their moderate bioaccumulation and high toxicity, which increase with the increment of chlorination . Once CPs enter the food chain, human health is threatened by biological concentration, causing metabolic disorders, physiological imbalance, and cancer . The European community has stipulated the maximum allowed phenol concentration in drinking water to be 0.5 μg/L .…”

Evolution of Green Sample Preparation: Fostering a Sustainable Tomorrow in Analytical Sciences

“…Anderson's group 45,48−50 48 Regarding SUPRASs, they emerge from amphiphilic solutions through two concurrent self-assembly processes taking place at molecular and nano scales, resulting in a nanostructured liquid that is immiscible with water. It can be directly used as a solvent for extracting components, as Karimiyan et al 51 reported, or taking advantage of their high functionality, as Salatti-Dorado et al proposed. 52 Concretely, Karimiyan's group has proposed the use of supramolecularsolvent (based on reverse micelles of decanoic acid in tetrahydrofuran) for the ultrasound-assisted (UA)-LPME combined with HPLC for the analysis of chlorophenols in environmental water samples.…”

“…It should be remarked that the process is straightforward and quick, requiring no cleanup of extracts or solvent evaporation, being both cost-effective and environmentally friendly. 51 In contrast, Salatti-Dorado's group proposed the use of SUPRAS as a restricted access volatile supramolecular solvent for the LC-MS/MS assay of bisphenol A in urine. In this case, the SUPRASs role is based on the removal of ionization suppression by eliminating proteins and phospholipids from biological samples by simple flocculation.…”

Determination of hexachlorophene in cosmetics by capillary electrophoresis compared with high performance liquid chromatography

“…CE methods especially capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) have found their place in modern separation science as versatile and efficient techniques for the analysis of a wide range of analytes in a variety of sample matrices, such as the analytes of organic compound [22], inorganic ions [23,24], proteins [25], and vitamins [26], in a series of samples. CE based methods have been described in literatures for the quantification of chlorophenols in some matrices [27][28][29]. However, only one research has been reported regarding the determination of HCP in water samples by CE with electrochemical detection [30].…”