Ultrasound-Assisted Upper Liquid Microextraction Coupled to Molecular Fluorescence for Detection of Bisphenol A in Commercial Beverages

Mo, Ronghui; Hong-xu, Liu; Lai, Ritian; Deng, Guifang; Zhang, Zheqing; Pei, Zezhen; Li, Hua-Bin; Xia, En-Qin

doi:10.1007/s12161-016-0714-0

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Organic solvents as a BPA extracting medium have been extensively studied and used over the years [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. In recent years, liquid–liquid microextraction techniques have been widely used to extract BPA using different organic solvents, such as benzene [ 33 ], hexane [ 34 ], ethyl acetate [ 35 ] or ethanol [ 36 ]. However, the use of IL as an extracting medium instead of the commonly used organic solvents provides a series of advantages, such as low solubility in water and low viscosity, a double condition which is not easily achieved [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Very Low Concentration of Bisphenol A in Toys and Baby Pacifiers Using Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction by In Situ Ionic Liquid Formation and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Vicente-Martínez¹,

Caravaca²,

Soto-Meca³

2020

Pharmaceuticals

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Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical compound used in the manufacturing of plastics and resins whose presence in the body in low concentrations can cause serious health problems. Due to this, there is a growing interest in the scientific community to develop analytical methods that allow quantifying trace concentrations of BPA in different types of samples. The determination of this compound in toys made of plastics that can be manipulated by children leads to an extra concern, because it is possible for BPA to enter the body by introducing these toys into the mouth. This work presents a novel procedure to the quickly and easily quantification of trace levels of BPA in samples of toys and pacifiers according to the current demanding regulations. The determination of very low levels of BPA was carried out by ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (IL-DLLME) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The formation in situ of the ionic liquid (IL) 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis((trifluoromethane)sulfonyl)imide ([C8MIm] [NTf2]), was achieved by mixing 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C8MIm]Cl) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([NTf2]Li) aqueous solutions, reaching an instant dispersion whose cloud of microdrops allows the total extraction of BPA in the IL from aqueous solutions. After centrifugation, BPA concentration in the sedimented phase was determined by HPLC. The optimal experimental conditions for the microextraction and determination of BPA in the IL were studied. The total extraction was achieved at pH 4, heating the sample at 30 °C for 5 min, using 100 µL of IL precursor volume, and spinning after the formation of dispersion at 3000 rpm for 10 min. The enrichment factor (EF) and detection limit (LOD) reached with the procedure were 299 and 0.19 µg L−1, respectively. The relative standard deviation for ten replications at the 0.5 µg L−1 level was 5.2%. Recovery studies showed a mean value for BPA recovery percentage in the samples of 99%. Additionally, a hybrid model was applied to characterize the extraction kinetics. This simple, low cost and fast method simplifies traditional microextraction techniques, representing an outstanding alternative.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Very Low Concentration of Bisphenol A in Toys and Baby Pacifiers Using Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction by In Situ Ionic Liquid Formation and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Vicente-Martínez¹,

Caravaca²,

Soto-Meca³

2020

Pharmaceuticals

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“…According to our previous results, ultrasound and DLLME are suitable methods for this task, with some modifications, due to their several advantages, such as less toxicity, rapidity, low cost, strong enrichment capacity, and ease of operation [1,14]. In 2017, we found that our proposed method, ultrasound-assisted upper liquid-liquid microextraction (UAULLME), enables convenient extraction and collection, is almost nontoxic, and produces no residual solvents from the target compound solution [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…According to IUPAC, we determined the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) from the analysis of seven replicate samples containing the target analytes at a level near the estimated detection limit at a 95% confidence level [15]. The LOD and LOQ of the proposed method are 0.10 µmol L −1 and 0.25 µmol L −1 , respectively.…”

Section: Optimization Of the Fluorospectrophotometer Slit Widthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Facile and Selective Determination of Total Phthalic Acid Esters Level in Soft Drinks by Molecular Fluorescence Based on Petroleum Ether Microextraction and Selective Derivation by H2SO4

et al. 2022

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Determining the level of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in packaged carbonated beverages is a current need to ensure food safety. High-selectivity and -accuracy identification of individual PAEs can be achieved by chromatographic and mass spectrometric (MS) techniques. However, these methods are slow; involve complicated, expensive instruments in professional laboratories; and consume a large amount of organic solvents. As such, a food analysis method is needed to conveniently and rapidly evaluate multiple contaminants on site. In this study, with the assistance of ultrasound, we quickly determined the total PAEs in soft drinks using 1.5 mL of petroleum ether in one step. Then, we determined the characteristic molecular fluorescence spectrum of all PAEs in samples (excitation (Ex)/emission (Em) at 218/351 nm) using selectively concentrated sulfuric acid derivatization. The relative standard deviations of the fluorescent intensities of mixed solutions with five different PAEs were lower than 7.1% at three concentration levels. The limit of detection of the proposed method is 0.10 μmol L−1, which matches that of some of the chromatographic methods, but the proposed method uses less organic solvent and cheaper instruments. These microextraction devices and the fluorescence spectrometer are portable and provide an instant result, which shows promise for the evaluation of the total level of PAEs in beverages on site. The proposed method successfully detected the total level of PAEs in 38 kinds of soft drink samples from local supermarkets, indicating its potential for applications in the packaged beverage industry.

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Direct coupling of microextraction with instrumental techniques

López‐Lorente¹,

Ríos²,

Lucena³

et al. 2021

Analytical Sample Preparation With Nano- And Other High-Performance Materials

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Ultrasound-Assisted Upper Liquid Microextraction Coupled to Molecular Fluorescence for Detection of Bisphenol A in Commercial Beverages

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Determination of Very Low Concentration of Bisphenol A in Toys and Baby Pacifiers Using Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction by In Situ Ionic Liquid Formation and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Determination of Very Low Concentration of Bisphenol A in Toys and Baby Pacifiers Using Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction by In Situ Ionic Liquid Formation and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Facile and Selective Determination of Total Phthalic Acid Esters Level in Soft Drinks by Molecular Fluorescence Based on Petroleum Ether Microextraction and Selective Derivation by H2SO4

Direct coupling of microextraction with instrumental techniques

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