1988
DOI: 10.1016/s0894-7317(88)80082-8
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Ultrasound Bioeffects and Regulatory Issues: An Introduction for the Echocardiographer

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Cited by 5 publications
(3 citation statements)
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“…An additional mechanism contributing to ultrasound bioeffects is cavitation, which refers to the formation and activity of bubbles formed from gas nuclei in a liquid (37).These bubbles can either expand and contract stably or collapse, generating high local areas of pressure and heat formation, termed transient cavitation. Both stable and transient cavitation cause shear stress and local fluid motion resulting in biologic effects (40). Cavitation nuclei are found most often at fluid-solid interfaces and especially in surface crevices.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…An additional mechanism contributing to ultrasound bioeffects is cavitation, which refers to the formation and activity of bubbles formed from gas nuclei in a liquid (37).These bubbles can either expand and contract stably or collapse, generating high local areas of pressure and heat formation, termed transient cavitation. Both stable and transient cavitation cause shear stress and local fluid motion resulting in biologic effects (40). Cavitation nuclei are found most often at fluid-solid interfaces and especially in surface crevices.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cavitation is creation of small gas filled cavities and can occur with high energy ultrasound, but has not been an issue with diagnostic ultrasound. 6,7 …”
Section: Bioeffects and Safetymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…• Die "spatial peak temporal average intensity" (I spta ) beschreibt als Maß der biologischen Wirkungen die Spitzenenergie, der das Gewebe während der Ultraschallbestrahlung ausgesetzt ist. In der Echokardiographie ist das ein bis mehrere 100 mW/cm 2 , was einem Zehntel des Mittelwertes der Sonnenenergie auf Meereshöhe entspricht [6]. Die maximale empfohlene I spta ist 1 W/cm 2 für unfokussierte Strahlen, und 100 mW/cm 2 für fokussierte Strahlen [7].…”
Section: Definitionunclassified