Ultrasound diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction in rabbits

Abstract

One of the primary characteristics of partial outlet obstruction secondary to BPH is an increase in bladder mass commonly referred to as bladder hypertrophy. This condition has been simulated in rabbits by the partial ligation of the catheterized urethra. Ultrasonography has been utilized in both adult and pediatric urology to visualize the bladder and diagnose specific bladder disorders. The aim of the present study is to determine if ultrasonography can visualize bladder wall hypertrophy induced by obstruction. Partial outlet obstructions were created in NZW rabbits using standard methodologies, and then 5 to 7 days later, sonography was performed. The films were read by both the principal investigator and blinded investigators instructed to determine bladder wall thickness and from this predict the bladder weight. Then results were correlated with cystometrograms (CMGs) and whole bladder weights. Both the principal investigator and the blinded investigators were consistently able to distinguish obstructed from control bladders based solely on sonographic depictions of relative bladder wall thickness. In addition, the investigators were able to distinguish between low (control), medium, and high bladder weights based on sonography. The accuracy of predicting the bladder weights increased when cystosonograms were correlated with CMG studies. Thus, the degree of bladder hypertrophy can be accurately estimated by the combination of cmg and ultrasonography.

Ultrasound measurement of detrusor wall thickness in healthy adults

“…Schoor et al [1994] ¢rst demonstrated in rabbits that bladder wall thickness can be measured with an ultrasound device accurately. Later, other study groups used ultrasound technology in men with BPH [Kojima et al, 1996[Kojima et al, , 1997Manieri et al, 1998;Hakenberg et al, 2000;Oelke et al, 2002] and in children with non-neurogenic bladder dysfunction [Cvitkovic-Kuzmic et al, 2002] to prove thickening of the bladder wall due to BOO as well as in women to discriminate between stress and urge urinary incontinence [Khullar et al, 1994[Khullar et al, , 1996.…”

International consultation on incontinence‐research society (ICI‐RS) report on non‐invasive urodynamics: The need of standardization of ultrasound bladder and detrusor wall thickness measurements to quantify bladder wall hypertrophy

“…18 It was hypothesized that detrusor wall thickness (DWT) or bladder wall thickness (BWT) reflects the workload of the bladder similar to the heart, in which the cardiac wall thickens in patients affected by arterial hypertension or cardiac valve stenosis. 19 Bladder wall hypertrophy can be imaged with ultrasound technology in experimental animals with partial BOO 20 and humans with neurogenic or nonneurogenic bladder dysfunction.…”

Investigating the effect of tamsulosin on the measurement of bladder wall thickness and International Prostate Symptom Score in benign prostatic hyperplasia

“…1 Additionally, about 28% of men over 70 years old have moderate-tosevere lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). 2,3 Bladder outflow obstruction (BOO) is found in 60% of symptomatic patients, and in 52% of asymptomatic patients.…”