Ultrasound-enhanced diffusion through isolated frog skin

Mortimer, A.J.; Trollope, B. J.; Villeneuve, Édith; Roy, O. Z.

doi:10.1016/0041-624x(88)90034-0

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…At present, one important question remains unanswered, that is, whether these previously obtained LFS results with excised skin as the skin model can be extrapolated to the in vivo skin case. In the past, both in vivo 6–12 and in vitro 13–18 sonophoresis studies have been reported in the literature. However, due to the different drug detection methods utilized (drug detection through radiolabeling in vitro versus drug detection through the measurement of the biological effect of drugs in vivo ), as well as due to the differences in the model permeants and in the animal species utilized, a direct comparison of the previous in vivo and in vitro sonophoresis results has not been possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Low‐Frequency Ultrasound on the Transdermal Permeation of Mannitol: Comparative Studies with In Vivo and In Vitro Skin

Tang

Blankschtein

Langer

2002

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Low‐Frequency Ultrasound on the Transdermal Permeation of Mannitol: Comparative Studies with In Vivo and In Vitro Skin

Tang

Blankschtein

Langer

2002

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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“…The use of ultrasound for enhanced diffusion through isolated frog skin (Mortimer et al ., 1988), cellophane membranes (Lenart & Auslander, 1980) and for transdermal drug delivery (Mitragotri & Kost, 2004) has been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the influence of power ultrasound on dye penetration in leather dyeing using photomicrographic analysis

Sivakumar

Swaminathan

Rao

2005

Journal of Microscopy

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SummaryThe use of power ultrasound in enhancing diffusion rate in various chemical as well as physical processes is gaining in importance. The influence of power ultrasound in the leather dyeing process on enhancing the penetration of dye through the leather matrix was studied. The penetration of dye through a leather cross-section for a given time in the presence and absence of an ultrasonic field (33 kHz, 150 W) was studied by photomicrographic analysis using a stereomicroscope. Different types of black dyes, such as Acid black 1, Metal complex black 194 and Direct black 155, were used for dyeing leather in the present study. Photomicrographic analysis of a cross-section of dyed leather indicated better penetration of dyes through the leather matrix with the use of ultrasound than without it. Therefore, the results indicate that ultrasound helps to improve the diffusion of dye and to reduce diffusional resistance in the leather dyeing process.

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“…Streaming action reduces the concentration gradient in the immediate neighborhood of the membrane (32). The increase in the amount of materials diffused in the ultrasonic field is mainly due to acoustic microcurrents, which increase the velocity of the particles of the medium (33).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Ultrasound-Assisted Cleaner Leather Dyeing Technique: Influence of Process Parameters

Sivakumar

Rao

2004

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The application of power ultrasound to leather processing has a significant role in the concept of "clean technology" for leather production. The effect of power ultrasound in leather dyeing has been compared with dyeing in the absence of ultrasound and conventional drumming. The power ultrasound source used in these experiments was ultrasonic cleaner (150 W and 33 kHz). The effect of various process parameters such as amount of dye offer, temperature, and type of dye has been experimentally found out. The effect of presonication of dye solution as well as leather has been studied. Experiments at ultrasonic bath temperature were carried out to find out the combined thermal as well as stirring effects of ultrasound. Dyeing in the presence of ultrasound affords about 37.5 (1.8 times) difference as increase in % dye exhaustion or about 50% decrease in the time required for dyeing compared to dyeing in the absence of ultrasound for 4% acid red dye. About 29 (1.55 times) increase in % dye exhaustion or 30% reduction in time required for dyeing was observed using ultrasound at stationary condition compared with conventional dynamic drumming conditions. The effect of ultrasound at constant temperature conditions with a control experiment has also been studied. The dye exhaustion increases as the temperature increases (30-60 degrees C) and better results are observed at higher temperature due to the use of ultrasound. Presonication of dye solution or crust leather prior to the dyeing process has no significant improvement in dye exhaustion, suggesting ultrasound effect is realized when it is applied during the dyeing process. The results indicate that 1697 and 1416 ppm of dye can be reduced in the spent liquor due to the use of ultrasound for acid red (for 100 min) and acid black (for 3 h) dyes, respectively, thereby reducing the pollution load in the effluent stream. The color yield of the leather as inferred from the reflectance measurement indicates that dye offer can be halved when ultrasound is employed to promote dyeing. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the cross section of the dyed leather indicates that fiber structure is not affected due to the use of ultrasound under the given process conditions. The present study clearly demonstrates that ultrasound can be used as a tool to improve the rate of exhaustion of dye, reduce pollution load in the spent effluent liquor, and improve the quality of leather produced. The study also offered provision to employ optimum levels of chemicals and increases percentage exhaustion for a given time, thereby limiting the pollution load in the tannery effluent, which is of great social concern.

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Ultrasound-enhanced diffusion through isolated frog skin

Cited by 19 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of Low‐Frequency Ultrasound on the Transdermal Permeation of Mannitol: Comparative Studies with In Vivo and In Vitro Skin

Effects of Low‐Frequency Ultrasound on the Transdermal Permeation of Mannitol: Comparative Studies with In Vivo and In Vitro Skin

Studies on the influence of power ultrasound on dye penetration in leather dyeing using photomicrographic analysis

Power Ultrasound-Assisted Cleaner Leather Dyeing Technique: Influence of Process Parameters

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