Ultrasound evaluation of inguinoscrotal pain: an imaging-based review for the ultrasonographer

Abstract

Emergencies involving the inguinal region and scrotum are common and can be caused by a plethora of different causes. In most cases, such conditions have nonspecific symptoms and are quite painful. Some inguinoscrotal conditions have high complication rates. Early and accurate diagnosis is therefore imperative. Ultrasound is the method of choice for the initial evaluation of this vast range of conditions, because it is a rapid, ionizing radiation-free, low-cost method. Despite the practicality and accuracy of the method, which make it ideal for use in emergency care, the examiner should be experienced and should be familiarized with the ultrasound findings of the most common inguinoscrotal diseases. On the basis of that knowledge, the examiner should also be able to make an accurate, direct, precise report, helping the emergency room physician make decisions regarding the proper (clinical or surgical) management of each case. Here, we review most of the inguinoscrotal conditions, focusing on the imaging findings and discussing the critical points for the appropriate characterization of each condition.

Tuberculose de epidídimo: Um relato de caso / Epididymal tuberculosis: A case report

“…O USG é o método diagnóstico mais comumente utilizado, sendo evidenciado um espessamento e aumento do epidídimo, além de imagem hipoecogenica e heterogêna, como no caso relatado 8 . Para diagnóstico Brazilian Journal of Development, Curitiba, v.7, n.12, p. 113994-113998 dec. 2021 etiológico por tuberculose, é necessário realizar biópsia cirúrgica 9 . Ao levar em consideração que no Brasil a incidência de tuberculose é 20 vezes maior na população carcerária 10 , a tuberculose deve ser considerada como possibilidade etiológica nos casos de epididimite, principalmente nessa população de risco.…”

Complicated, Complete, Indirect, Irreducible Right Inguinoscrotal Hernia

“…4 Abscesses may have mixed echogenicity, internal echoes, and/or irregular borders with or without a halo. 4,23 The interior of an abscess is an accumulation of exudates, and perhaps necrotic tissue, and can appear avascular, with color or power Doppler.…”

Percutaneous nephrostomy versus antegrade double-J stent placement in the treatment of malignant obstructive uropathy: a cost-effectiveness analysis from the perspective of the Brazilian public health care system

“…The evaluation of urinary tract obstruction and ureterolithiasis by imaging methods has been the subject of a series of recent publications in the radiology literature of Brazil (15)(16)(17)(18) . The present study provides evidence of the value of applying methods of cost-effectiveness analysis to interventional radiology.…”