Ultrasound for Drug Synthesis: A Green Approach

Abstract

This last century, the development of new medicinal molecules represents a real breakthrough in terms of humans and animal life expectancy and quality of life. However, this success is tainted by negative environmental consequences. Indeed, the synthesis of drug candidates requires the use of many chemicals, solvents, and processes that are very hazardous, toxic, energy consuming, expensive, and generates a large amount of waste. Many large pharmaceutical companies have thus moved to using green chemistry practices for drug discovery, development, and manufacturing. One of them is the use of energy-efficient activation techniques, such as ultrasound. This review summarizes the latest most representative works published on the use of ultrasound for sustainable bioactive molecules synthesis.

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“…Several efforts have been made to attain this aim by responding to two hydroxycoumarin moles in an aqueous milieu with one mole of the aldehyde-based product have to enhance functionality of these derivatives. The use of ultrasonic radiation in a non-development approach as indicated in Schema 29 is one of the most effective trials [75].…”

CHAPTER 8. Sustainable Activation of Chemical Substrates Under Sonochemical Conditions

“…The research of more selective, safe and environmentally friendly method of reduction is thus an important issue. It is well known that low frequency ultrasonic irradiation (20 kHz < f < 80 kHz) may enhance catalyst activity and chemical reactions' kinetic and selectivity 66 . Thus, in 2000, Basu et al described the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds to the corresponding amines using a Sm/NH 4 Cl reducing agent under 10 to 25 min of ultrasonic irradiation (see Table X.1) 67 .…”

Sonoproduction of nanobiomaterials – A critical review

“…US-assisted synthesis improves the quality and yield of graphene layers [14] . Recent work has also examined the usage of US for drug synthesis and delivery purposes [15] , [16] , [17] .…”