Ultrasound-guided chemoradiotherapy of breast cancer using smart methotrexate-loaded perfluorohexane nanodroplets

Ph-Sensitive Nanodroplets for Controlled Delivery of Berberine Chloride

“…Moreover, increasing the homogenization speed to 24000 rpm corresponded to an increase in the encapsulation efficiency to 66.8%. A heightened homogenizer speed fosters improved emulsification, enhanced mixing, and optimized surface coverage, consequently bolstering drug encapsulation within nanodroplets[2 8]. Smaller droplets provide more opportunities for hydrophobic berberine chloride molecules to partition and become encapsulated within the oil phase (perfluorohexane) of nanodroplets, thereby enhancing encapsulation efficiency.…”

“…These nanodroplets c an be engineered to accumulate specifically at tumor sites, where they undergo vaporization upon ultrasound triggeri ng, facilitating localized drug release within the tumor mi croenvironment. This targeted drug delivery approach mini mizes systemic exposure and diminishes off-target effects, thereby optimizing therapeutic outcomes [8]. Moreover, ultr asound affords precise control over the timing and extent of drug release, enhancing therapeutic efficacy while mitig ating toxicity concerns.…”

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle-loaded nanodroplets for dual-modal ultrasound/magnetic resonance imaging-guided drug delivery

“…Activated alginate was covalently bound to folic acid as a targeting agent to obtain FA-functionalized NDs according to our previous procedure. 45 Firstly, alginate, NHS, and EDC with a molar ratio of 8 : 2 : 1.5 were mixed with 4 mL of double-distilled (DD) water and stirred at room temperature magnetically for 4 h. Then, 20 mg of folic acid and 2 mL of DMSO were continuously mixed at room temperature for 12 h under dark conditions. Afterward, the prepared solutions were mixed to each other under vigorous stirring for 6 h. The final solution was centrifuged at 16 000 rpm for 10 min and extracted by adding acetone.…”

Nanocarriers for methotrexate delivery/codelivery in the frame of cancer diagnostics and treatment: a review

“…Arrow et al (2023) prepared poly(lactide-co-glycolide) complexes to load MTX, which demonstrated inhibitory effects on human PVR-cells. Samani et al (2023) synthesized folic acid-functionalized MTXloaded perfluorohexane nanodroplets (NDs) with an alginate shell (FA-MTX/PFH@alginate NDs) as a tool for smart ultrasoundguided chemoradiotherapy with controlled release. This composite could enhance the anticancer activity of chemotherapeutics and reduce side effects to normal tissue during breast cancer treatment in vitro [cancer cell (4T1)] and in vivo.…”

“…Furthermore this nanostructure had no significant hemolytic activity and organ toxicity in combination with ultrasound exposure and X-ray irradiation. Lastly, FA-functionalized MTX/PFH@alginate NDs were accumulated selectively in the tumor region (Samani et al, 2023).…”