PURPOSE-To prospectively evaluate an impedance-based multiple-electrode RF ablation system for creation of confluent areas of hepatic coagulation in an in vivo porcine model.
MATERIALS & METHODS-Pre-approval was obtained from our institutional research animal care and use committee. A prototype multiple-electrode RF system was created allowing switching between three electrically-independent electrodes at impedance spikes (30 Ω increase). Forty-two coagulation zones [single=18, cluster=12, multiple-electrode (three singles spaced 2 cm apart)=12] were created at laparotomy in fifteen ~90 kg female pigs. Half of the ablations were performed for 12 minutes and half for 16 minutes. Coagulation zones were excised and sliced (~3 mm) for measurements. ANOVA and two sample t-tests (Bonferroni's correction, α=.0033) were used to test for differences between groups.RESULTS-At 12 minutes, mean (±SD) multiple-electrode coagulation was significantly larger than single (minimum diameter: 2.8±0.6 vs. 1.6±0.6 cm; maximum diameter: 4.2±0.7 vs. 2.0± 0.5 cm; volume: 22.1±10.7 vs. 6.7±3.7 cm 3 ; P<.0033, all comparisons). Multiple-electrode maximum diameter was significantly larger than cluster at 12 minutes (4.2±0.7 vs. 2.9±0.3 cm, P=.02). At 16 minutes, multiple-electrode coagulation zones (minimum diameter: 3.2±0.6 cm; maximum diameter: 4.2±0.6 cm; volume: 29.1±8.3 cm 3 ) were significantly greater than single (minimum diameter: 1.7±0.5 cm; maximum diameter: 2.2±0.6 cm; volume: 7.1±3.5 cm 3 ; P<.0033, all comparisons) and cluster controls (minimum diameter: 2.3±0.3 cm, P=.007; maximum diameter: 3.2±0.4 cm, P=.005; volume: 13.1±3.0 cm 3 , P<.0033).