Ultrasound-guided ‘two-in-one’ femoral and obturator nerve block in the dog: an anatomical study

A description of a technique for ultrasound-guided lumbar plexus catheter in dogs: cadaveric study

“…This is in contrast with another study (Echeverry et al. ) where the femoral nerve was not visualized in one cadaver. However, one potential challenge might be the visualization of all the different structures in a clinical scenario.…”

“…Echeverry et al. () evaluated the spreading of the dye using different volumes. They concluded 0.2 mL kg −1 would be able to produce sufficient distribution of the local anaesthetic.…”

“…In veterinary anaesthesia, the recommended local anaesthetic volume used for a lumbar plexus block varies from 0.1 to 0.6 mL kg À1 . Echeverry et al (2012) evaluated the spreading of the dye using different volumes. They concluded 0.2 mL kg À1 would be able to produce sufficient distribution of the local anaesthetic.…”

“…In veterinary anaesthesia, the lumbar plexus block has been described using different approaches with either electrolocation (Campoy 2008;Portela et al 2013) or ultrasound (US)-guided techniques (Echeverry et al 2012;Graff et al 2015). All of these studies describe a 'single injection technique' to provide perioperative analgesia, the duration of which will depend on the local anaesthetic used.…”

Peripheral nerve stimulation under ultrasonographic control to determine the needle‐to‐nerve relationship

“…() and Echeverry et al. () respectively. Data concerning the quality of the sensory and motor blockade, the intra‐operative and post‐operative outcome were not included in the present study.…”