Ultrasound Identification of Normal Parathyroid Glands

Cohen, Samuel M.; Noel, Julia E.; Puccinelli, Cassandra; Orloff, Lisa A.

doi:10.1177/2473974x211052857

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In two cases of normal PTGs with focal intraglandular hypoechogenicity, the residual hyperechoic area consistently showed the same homogeneous marked hyperechogenicity as the other typical normal PTGs. A recent study [ 12 ] reported that all normal PTGs showed homogeneous hyperechogenicity in six cases. However, in their study, the echogenicity of normal PTGs was not clearly evaluated compared to that of the normal thyroid gland.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cohen et al [12] also reported that the normal PTGs confirmed by tissue washout parathyroid hormone (PTH) or autofluorescence showed homogeneously hyperechoic US feature. To the best of our knowledge, only one study [12] reported US features of six cases of normal parathyroid glands confirmed by biochemical method. However, the detailed US features of normal PTGs identified by histopathological or biochemical methods remain to be elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study by Xia et al [ 11 ] reported that most of the presumed PTGs detected on intraoperative US or percutaneous US exhibited hyperechogenicity. Cohen et al [ 12 ] also reported that the normal PTGs confirmed by tissue-washout parathyroid hormone (PTH) or autofluorescence showed homogeneously hyperechoic US features. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, only one study [ 12 ] reported the US features of six cases of biochemically confirmed normal PTGs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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US features of normal parathyroid glands: a comparison with metastatic lymph nodes in thyroid cancer

Kim

Noh

2023

Ultrasonography

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This study aimed to determine the ultrasound (US) features of normal parathyroid glands (PTGs) and to evaluate whether normal PTGs can be differentiated from metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) of thyroid cancer.Methods: This retrospective study included 10 normal PTGs and 95 metastatic LNs from thyroid cancer showing suspicious US features. The echogenicity, echotexture, echogenic foci (calcification), cystic change, abnormal vascularity, shape, and locations were retrospectively assessed and compared between normal PTGs and metastatic LNs. Results:The echogenicity of normal PTGs was significantly different from that of metastatic LNs (p <0.001). Normal PTGs exhibited marked hyperechogenicity (100%), homogeneous echotexture (80%), focal intraglandular hypoechogenicity (20%), ovoid shape (90%), and focal cystic change in one case (10%). The echogenicity of metastatic LNs was markedly hyperechoic (0%), moderately hyperechoic (15.8%), mildly hyperechoic (53.7%), and hypoechoic (28.4%). The size and L/S ratios of normal PTGs were significantly smaller and larger than those of metastatic LNs (p≤0.009 and p=0.022, respectively). Conclusion:Marked hyperechogenicity was found only in normal PTGs and small ovoid markedly hyperechoic structures in the paramedian central neck characterizes normal PTGs. Normal PTGs may be differentiated from metastatic LNs of thyroid cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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US features of normal parathyroid glands: a comparison with metastatic lymph nodes in thyroid cancer

Kim

Noh

2023

Ultrasonography

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“…Normal parathyroid glands are difficult to identify on US, owing to their small size and subtle US characteristics [ 36 ]. A recent investigation suggests that normal parathyroid glands can in fact sometimes be seen on US as small oval homogeneously hyperechoic structures ([ 37 ]; Fig. 5 a).…”

Section: Parathyroid Ultrasonographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonography of the thyroid, parathyroids, and beyond

Russell

Orloff

2022

HNO

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Background Ultrasonography has become an essential tool for the evaluation and management of thyroid and parathyroid diseases. Its applications extend beyond neck endocrine conditions to a multitude of pathologies within the head and neck region. Objectives Our study aimed to: (1) provide a broad review of neck ultrasonography and key findings in neck endocrine diseases; (2) support skilled performance office-based diagnostic ultrasonography and its varied applications. Materials and methods A review of the current literature was supplemented with clinical examples of key ultrasonographic findings. Results Current applications and key findings of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and management of neck endocrine conditions are reviewed. Conclusion Ultrasonography is a fundamental component in the evaluation and management of neck endocrine diseases. The reader is encouraged to use this review to enhance office-based performance and application of ultrasonography. Video online The online version of this article contains 11 additional videos. They are provided to illustrate some of the dynamic aspects of US performance. The article and the videos are available online (10.1007/s00106-022-01162-0). The videos can be found in the article back matter as “Electronic Supplementary Material”.

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“…US is an essential primary tool for the evaluation and localization of parathyroid lesions and is advantageous for localization of small normal PTGs because of its high resolution and feasible application. However, normal PTGs are rarely detected on US ( 4 5 6 7 ), and the US features of normal PTGs have not yet been established ( 6 8 9 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

US Features of the Parathyroid Glands: An Intraoperative Surgical Specimen Study

Paik¹,

Lee

Noh

et al. 2023

J Korean Soc Radiol

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Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the US features of the parathyroid glands (PTGs) using surgical specimens of normal PTGs obtained during thyroid surgery. Materials and Methods This study included 34 normal PTGs from 17 consecutive patients who underwent thyroid surgery between December 2020 and March 2021. All normal PTGs were histologically confirmed by intraoperative frozen-section biopsy for autotransplantation. Surgically resected parathyroid specimens were scanned in sterile normal saline using high-resolution US prior to autotransplantation. The US features of echogenicity (hyperechogenicity or hypoechogenicity), echotexture (homogeneous or heterogeneous), size, and shape (ovoid or round) were retrospectively evaluated. The echogenicity of the three PTGs was compared with that of the thyroid parenchyma of the resected thyroid specimens in two patients. Results All PTGs showed hyperechogenicity similar to that of gauze soaked in normal saline. Homogeneous hyperechogenicity was observed in 32/34 (94.1%) patients, and the echogenicity of the three PTGs was hyperechoic compared with that of the thyroid parenchyma. The long diameter of the PTGs ranged from 5.1 mm to 9.8 mm (mean, 7.1 mm) and the shape of the PTGs was ovoid in 33/34 (97.1%) patients. Conclusion The echogenicity of normal PTG specimens was consistently hyperechoic, and the small ovoid homogeneously hyperechoic structure was a characteristic US feature of the PTGs.

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Ultrasound Identification of Normal Parathyroid Glands

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

US features of normal parathyroid glands: a comparison with metastatic lymph nodes in thyroid cancer

US features of normal parathyroid glands: a comparison with metastatic lymph nodes in thyroid cancer

Ultrasonography of the thyroid, parathyroids, and beyond

US Features of the Parathyroid Glands: An Intraoperative Surgical Specimen Study

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