Ultrasound image-guided gene delivery using three-dimensional diagnostic ultrasound and lipid-based microbubbles

Non‐Viral Nucleic Acid Delivery System for RNA Therapeutics

“…Ultrasound was first used in the mid‐1990s to mediate the in vitro transfection of DNA. [ 237 ] It was not until 2000 that ultrasound was used in vivo to transfer nucleic acid molecules to muscle, [ 238 ] solid tumor, [ 239 ] liver, [ 240 ] kidney, [ 241 ] and heart. [ 242 ] This method can realize the gene transfection of visceral organs [ 243 ] without surgery, and the use of ultrasound contrast agent or microbubbles filled with compressed air can further improve the gene expression level.…”

Recent advances in smart nanoplatforms for tumor non-interventional embolization therapy

“…Owing to its high safety, noninvasiveness, deep tissue penetration, real-time visualization ability, and relative ease of access, ultrasound (US) has been widely used as an imaging modality worldwide. In addition to being used in diagnostic imaging, ultrasound is often used in the treatment of malignant tumors [ 33 – 35 ]. In particular, simultaneous real-time imaging and responsive drug release can be achieved when US is combined with an appropriate drug delivery system, resulting in precise on-demand drug delivery in organs and sites [ 36 , 37 ].…”

“…In particular, simultaneous real-time imaging and responsive drug release can be achieved when US is combined with an appropriate drug delivery system, resulting in precise on-demand drug delivery in organs and sites [ 36 , 37 ]. For instance, ultrasound-responsive microbubbles can be destroyed through acoustic power specifically at the irradiated site, thus achieving drug/gene targeted delivery [ 33 ].…”

Experimental and Computational Investigation of Microbubble Formation in a Single Capillary Embedded T-junction Microfluidic Device

“…Microbubbles are micron-sized gas bubbles suspended in an aqueous media that are stabilized by shell material such as proteins, lipids, , and polymers . Microbubbles are widely used in biomedical applications such as targeted drug , or gene delivery and ultrasound contrast imaging. − Microfluidic technology is one of the most promising tools to generate microbubbles due to its capability of consistently generating monodisperse microbubbles. , However, the size of the microbubbles produced in microfluidic devices is critically dependent on the size capillaries used . Based on the flow geometries and the contacting patterns of liquid and gaseous streams, microfluidic devices are classified as flow-focusing , coflow focusing, and T-junction microfluidics. , Regardless of the type of microfluidic device being used, the formation of microbubbles is caused by the instability of the interface between gas and liquid phase .…”

“…Microbubbles are micron-sized gas bubbles suspended in an aqueous media that are stabilized by shell material such as proteins, 1 lipids, 2,3 and polymers. 4 Microbubbles are widely used in biomedical applications such as targeted drug 5,6 or gene delivery 7 and ultrasound contrast imaging. 8−10 Microfluidic technology is one of the most promising tools to generate microbubbles due to its capability of consistently generating monodisperse microbubbles.…”