Ultrasound Imaging for Analyzing Lateral Tongue Movements during Mastication in Adults with Cerebral Palsy Compared with Adults without Oral Motor Disabilities

Dynamic tongue area measurements in ultrasound images for adults with obstructive sleep apnea

“…Potential advantages of ultrasound (US) in predicting the occurrence of OSA have been identified (Chen et al, 2014; Isaiah et al, 2017; Shu et al, 2013). US imaging was then later used in studies to detect the dynamic variation of the soft tissue structure adjacent to the UA, specifically the tongue, with and without the performance of the Müller manoeuvre (MM) (Chien, Chen, Chang, & Huang, 2017; Remijn, Weijers, Nijhuis‐van der Sanden, Groen, & de Korte, 2015; Togeiro et al, 2010). The MM is an indicator of possible obstruction sites in patients with OSA during wakefulness (Chen et al, 2014).…”

Validity and reliability of the mixing ability test as masticatory performance outcome in children with spastic cerebral palsy and children with typical development: A pilot study

“…The participants were familiarised with the transducer by eating a piece of bread before starting the measurements. We used the analysis protocol for dynamic tongue movements as described in a previous study to determine the highest point of the tongue contour . The ultrasound outcome measures were (a) mean displacement and (b) velocity in two successive frames of the highest point of the tongue contour in the horizontal and vertical directions.…”

“…The ultrasound outcome measures were (a) mean displacement and (b) velocity in two successive frames of the highest point of the tongue contour in the horizontal and vertical directions. The inter‐rater reliability as measured with the intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) for the tongue contours was (ICC > 0.80; range 0.55‐0.95), and significant differences were determined between healthy adults and adults with CP for vertical tongue displacement and horizontal and vertical frequencies of tongue movements …”

Coordination of surface electromyography activity in the posterior tongue region during mastication of differently textured foods

“…Tongue function can be measured by videofluorography, 1,13 three-dimensional (3D)electromagnetic articulography, 14 pressure-measuring devices, 3,15 and ultrasonic echo. 16 Videofluorography, which allows the direct observation of tongue movements, records tongue movements during mastication; however, many studies using this technique have focussed on stage II transport and swallowing and there remain uncertainties regarding food handling 1,13 A study using a sheet-shaped tongue pressure-measuring device reported increased tongue pressure in the anterior-median and post-circumferential part of tongue in the late masticatory period during stage II transport. 3 However, there remain many unclear points regarding tongue function during mastication.…”