Ultrasound‐Induced Mechanoluminescence and Optical Thermometry Toward Stimulus‐Responsive Materials with Simultaneous Trigger Response and Read‐Out Functions

Abstract

Ultrasound‐induced mechanoluminescence (USML) of Erbium‐doped CaZnOS is reported. Using the fluorescence intensity ratio of the 2 H 11/2 , 4 S 3/2 → 4 I 15/2 transitions of Er 3+ allows for simultaneous temperature mapping at an absolute sensitivity of 0.003 K −1 in the physiological regime. The combination of USML, local heating, and remote read‐out enables a feedback and response loop for highly controlled stimulation. It is found that ML is a result of direct energy transfer from the host material to Er 3+ , giving room for adapted spectral characteristics through bandgap modulation. ML saturation at high acoustic power enables independent control of local light emission and ultrasonic heating. Such USML materials may have profound implications for optogenetics, photodynamic therapy and other areas requiring local illumination, heating, and thermometry simultaneously.

Mechanoluminescent-Triboelectric Bimodal Sensors for Self-Powered Sensing and Intelligent Control

“…2 c. The luminescence intensity of the composite elastomer increases with increasing stretching rate (from 100 to 800 mm min −1 ). Grayscale color analysis is used as an efficient and scientific method to accurately indicate the lightness/darkness of the pixel in images of the composite elastomer [ 50 – 52 ]. As shown in Fig.…”

Smart Mechanoluminescent Phosphors: A Review of Strontium‐Aluminate‐Based Materials, Properties, and Their Advanced Application Technologies

“…[ 136 , 137 ] At the same time, ultrafine ML particles can be used for biological sono‐optogenetics and temperature imaging. [ 93 , 138 ]…”

“…[136,137] At the same time, ultrafine ML particles can be used for biological sonooptogenetics and temperature imaging. [93,138] ML beads with different emission colors can be in situ-grown on small zirconia balls and then encaged in large plastic ball. At search and rescue sites such as jungles and seas, the shaking produced by humans or sea waves can cause the beads inside to collide and rub against each other to emit light, which indicate, guide, and send distress signals.…”

Ultrasound‐Induced Luminescence from Cr3+‐Doped ZnGa2O4 Glass–Ceramic Composites

“…[17] For example, USL can be used for acoustic field mapping, for remotely inducing light emission, or for simultaneous ultrasonic heating and optical thermometry. [18][19][20][21] Polymer membranes with embedded USL particles were used for fast visualization of the cross-section of ultrasound pressure fields with a spatial resolution below 200 μm for acoustic pressures in the range of 150-4,500 kPa, and frequencies of 1-25 MHz. [22] Such applications could notably benefit from the enhanced mechanical stiffness, thermal stability, and spatial homogeneity offered by fully inorganic ceramics and ceramic composites.…”