Ultrasound irradiation promoted efficient solvent-free lipase-catalyzed production of mono- and diacylglycerols from olive oil

Abstract

This work reports the enzymatic production of mono- and diacylglycerols under the influence of ultrasound irradiation, in a solvent-free system, with and without the presence of surfactants at a constant temperature of 65°C, glycerol to oil molar ratio of 2:1 and a commercial immobilized lipase (Novozym 435) as catalyst. For this purpose, two operation modes were adopted: the use of a sonotrode (ultrasonic probe), without agitation, varying reaction time, irradiation amplitude (25-45% of the total power) and type of surfactant, and a mechanically stirred reactor (600 rpm) under ultrasound irradiation in a water bath, testing different surfactants. Results show that very satisfactory MAG and DAG yields, above 50 wt.%, can be obtained without the use of surfactant, at mild irradiation power supply (∼130 W), with no important enzyme activity losses verified, in a relatively short reaction time (2h), and low enzyme content (7.5 wt.%). Also, reaction kinetic results show that contents of MAG+DAG as high as ∼65 wt.% can be achieved at longer times (6h), indicating a promising route for producing MAG and DAG using ultrasound irradiation.

The use of lipases as biocatalysts for the epoxidation of fatty acids and phenolic compounds

“…84 Some physical parameters can also be used to improve the lipase efficiency such as the use of ultrasounds as described by Lee et al 85 for the lipase-catalyzed alcoholysis of glucose with vinyl laurate in ionic liquids. Similarly, the positive effect of ultrasound was also observed in a solvent free system for the synthesis of mono-and diacylglycerols with C. antarctica B lipase 86 or with various immobilized lipases during triacylglycerol hydrolysis.…”

Enzyme-catalyzed production of biodiesel by ultrasound-assisted ethanolysis of soybean oil in solvent-free system

“…The experimental setup consists of an ultrasonic bath equipped with a transducer having longitudinal vibrations. The ultrasonic unit has an operating frequency of 40 kHz and a maximum-rated electrical power output of 132 W. The ultrasonic transducer (surface area of 282.2 cm 2 ) is fitted at the bottom of the bath, horizontally along the length of bath, which has been considered a suitable ultrasonic system [16]. Towards establishing the reaction time, an experimental condition, oil to ethanol molar ratio of 1:3, temperature of 70°C, enzyme concentration, [E], of 20 wt% (by weight of whole substrates, oil ?…”

Review on the Current State of Diacylglycerol Production Using Enzymatic Approach

“…Ultrasonic irradiation is an interesting technique which can be introduced to enhance glycerolysis reaction. Satisfactory DAG and MAG yields above 50 % (w/w) could be obtained at a short interval of time and low enzyme load without significant loss of enzyme activity (Fiametti et al 2011). Yet, the application of this technique in biochemical reaction is not well explored.…”