Ultrasound monitoring of testis and prostate maturation in hypogonadotropic hypogonadic males during gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatment

Canale, Domenico; Mais, Valerio; Turchi, P; F, Andreini; Melis, Gian Benedetto; Menchini-Fabris, G. F.

doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)53353-6

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In agreement with previous studies, our results show that androgen replacement therapy increases the prostate volume in male hypogonadism [11,13,17]. Conversely, in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, treatment with a GnRH agonist resulted in suppression of serum testosterone levels and decreases in prostate volume [18,19].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of Gonadotropin and Testosterone Treatments on Prostate Volume and Serum Prostate Specific Antigen Levels in Male Hypogonadism.

et al. 1997

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of Gonadotropin and Testosterone Treatments on Prostate Volume and Serum Prostate Specific Antigen Levels in Male Hypogonadism.

et al. 1997

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“…This study suggests that administration of exogenous testosterone to middle‐aged and older men with sexual and/or urinary dysfunction symptoms may retard or reverse age‐related prostate growth. Previous studies of the effects of exogenous testosterone on prostate size and PSA concentrations are mostly limited to hypogonadal men (Canale et al ., 1990; Sasagawa et al ., 1990; Behre et al ., 1994; Meikle et al ., 1997; Ozata et al ., 1997; Snyder et al ., 2000; Jin et al ., 2001). Generally these have shown that testosterone administration increases prostate volume from subnormal to age‐appropriate (Behre et al ., 1994) or smaller (Jin et al ., 2001) prostate volumes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen administration in middle‐aged and ageing men: effects of oral testosterone undecanoate on dihydrotestosterone, oestradiol and prostate volume

et al. 2002

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The gradual reduction of plasma testosterone in middle-aged and older men from mid-life onwards coincides paradoxically with the time when there is progressive growth of the prostate, a highly androgen-dependent organ. The growing interest in androgen therapy for older men makes it essential to understand the effects of exogenous testosterone on the non-diseased prostate, yet few studies are available. The present study examined prostate volume, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and lower urinary tract symptom (IPSS) score in 207 men, aged 40-83 years, presenting with clinical features of age-related androgen deficiency [sexual and/or urinary dysfunction, elevated lutenizing hormone (LH)] who were treated for 6 months with oral testosterone undecanoate (TU). Men were divided into two groups, group 1 (n=92, plasma testosterone levels > 13 nmol/L) were treated with 80 mg daily; group 2 (n=115, plasma testosterone levels < 13 nmol/L) were treated with given 120 mg daily. Before treatment and after 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment, prostate volume was measured by ultrasound and hormones [testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, oestradiol, LH, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)] and PSA were measured. Within 1 month of treatment, the elevated blood LH levels were markedly decreased in all men in group 1, as well as most men in group 2. Group 2 was subdivided into men whose LH levels were suppressed (n=95, group 2a) and those whose LH levels did not suppress (n=20, group 2b). Men in group 1 and 2a had marked decreases in prostate volume, PSA and lower urinary tract symptom (IPSS) scores whereas no significant changes were observed in group 2b. Groups 1 and 2a also had more striking suppression of LH, FSH, dihydrotestosterone and oestradiol whereas group 2b had no significant increases in blood testosterone concentrations. These findings suggest that exogenous testosterone in middle-aged and older men with some clinical features of age-related androgen deficiency can retard or reverse prostate growth and that elevated plasma LH may be a useful index of severity of age-related androgen deficiency.

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“…Prostate and seminal vesicle evaluation was performed with an abdominal 3·5 MHz and a transrectal 7·5 MHz transducer: the formula used for assessment of prostate volume was the same as above. The ultrasound examinations were performed by one of the authors, highly experienced in the field 15 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen receptor polymorphism (CAG repeats) and androgenicity

Canale

Caglieresi

Moschini

et al. 2005

Clinical Endocrinology

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Summary Objective Polymorphism of the androgen receptor (AR) has been related to various pathophysiological conditions, such as osteoporosis and infertility. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the frequency of distribution in a normal Italian population and to assess CAG repeats (CAGr) in other conditions, such as hypoandrogenism, potentially influenced by AR polymorphism. Patients and measurements CAGr polymorphism was determined in a group of 91 healthy normoandrogenized subjects, 29 hypoandrogenized patients (hypoplasia of prostate and seminal vesicles, reduced beard or body hair, etc.) and 29 infertile patients by direct sequencing. Results The mean (± SD) number of CAG repeats [(CAGr)n] was 21·5 (± 1·7) in the control group, 21·4 (± 2·0) in the infertile patients and 24·0 (± 2·9) in the hypoandrogenic males. The difference was statistically significant between this last group and the other two (P < 0·0001), while there was no difference between normal controls and infertile patients. The frequency distribution showed a shift towards higher CAG length in hypoandrogenized patients compared to controls and infertile patients. If we used a cut‐off point of 24·9 (2 SD above the mean), the percentage of patients with 25 or more CAGr repeats was 38% among hypoandrogenized patients, 7% among infertile patients and 5% among the control group. In hypoandrogenized subjects (CAGr)n correlated slightly with testis and prostate volume. The number of CAG repeats was not associated with any of the hormonal parameters, including testosterone, evaluated in the three groups. Conclusions Our normal population, representing subjects from Central Italy, is superimposable on other European populations with regard to (CAGr)n distribution. Hypoandrogenic males have a shift in the frequency distribution towards longer (CAGr)n. Infertile patients are not statistically different from the control group. These findings suggest that, given the same amount of circulating testosterone, as in our hypoandrogenized and control group, the final net androgenic phenotypical effect is due to AR polymorphism.

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Ultrasound monitoring of testis and prostate maturation in hypogonadotropic hypogonadic males during gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatment

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

Effects of Gonadotropin and Testosterone Treatments on Prostate Volume and Serum Prostate Specific Antigen Levels in Male Hypogonadism.

Effects of Gonadotropin and Testosterone Treatments on Prostate Volume and Serum Prostate Specific Antigen Levels in Male Hypogonadism.

Androgen administration in middle‐aged and ageing men: effects of oral testosterone undecanoate on dihydrotestosterone, oestradiol and prostate volume

Androgen receptor polymorphism (CAG repeats) and androgenicity

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