Ultrasound of the elbow

Martinoli, Carlo; Bianchi, Stefano; Giovagnorio, F; Pugliese, Francesca

doi:10.1007/s002560100410

Cited by 80 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The elbow was visualized in the posterior projection with the elbow flexed at 90°and the palm of the hand placed flat on a hard surface, as usually recommended [11,12]. This position is associated with some degree of nerve tension and was preferred over elbow extension.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The age and sex of each study participant were recorded, as well as the side of each sonogram. Last-generation ultrasound machines having high-frequency linear-array transducers with harmonic signal generation and wide bandwidth were used [ATL HDI 5000 (8)(9)(10)(11)(12), Siemens Elegra (8)(9)(10)(11)(12), Acuson Sequoia (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) and General Electric Logiq 700 Expert (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The axial plane is the plane of reference for investigating peripheral nerves [1]. The ulnar nerve is usually seen as a hypoechoic ovoid image that may be in close contact with the medial epicondyle [1,4,5,9,[11][12][13][14][15] and occasionally seems divided [12].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sonoanatomy of the ulnar nerve in the cubital tunnel: a multicentre study by the GEL

Jacob¹,

Créteur²,

Courthaliac³

et al. 2004

Eur Radiol

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The objective is to determine the normal appearance of the ulnar nerve on a posterior axial sonogram section of the elbow through the medial epicondyle and the humeroulnar joint space. Ultrasound evaluation was carried out on 400 elbows with measurement of the ulnar nerve cross-sectional area and ulnar nerve-cortex distance, as well as recording of apparent ulnar nerve division. Factors that significantly influenced the study variables were sought by statistical analysis. Mean cross-sectional area of the ulnar nerve at the elbow was 7.9 +/- 3.1 mm2 overall. Values were lower in females than in males and increased between 40 and 60 years of age. The ulnar nerve-cortex distance was 0.8 +/- 0.4 mm and varied widely across individuals. Apparent ulnar nerve division at the elbow was noted in about one-fifth of individuals, with no difference between females and males or between the right and left elbows. When present, apparent division was often bilateral and was not associated with changes in cross-sectional area or in distance from the medial epicondyle cortex. This study provides normative data on ulnar nerve sonoanatomy at the elbow and establishes that apparent ulnar nerve division at the elbow is a normal variant.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sonoanatomy of the ulnar nerve in the cubital tunnel: a multicentre study by the GEL

Jacob¹,

Créteur²,

Courthaliac³

et al. 2004

Eur Radiol

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“…Moreover, the inherent operator dependency and the difficulty in fully covering the region of interest have always been problems in ultrasound examination. In spite of these drawbacks, US still has fundamental value for the assessment of nerve compression in that it allows dynamic study, for example, as in the assessment of ulnar dislocation from the cubital tunnel in flexion of the elbow [12][13][14]. As a current modality and because state-of-the-art MR imaging facilities show high performance in nerve imaging, MR imaging is a useful diagnostic tool for examining peripheral nerves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Role of magnetic resonance imaging in entrapment and compressive neuropathy—what, where, and how to see the peripheral nerves on the musculoskeletal magnetic resonance image: part 1. Overview and lower extremity

et al. 2006

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The diagnosis of nerve entrapment and compressive neuropathy has been traditionally based on the clinical and electrodiagnostic examinations. As a result of improvements in the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging modality, it plays not only a fundamental role in the detection of space-occupying lesions but also a compensatory role in clinically and electrodiagnostically inconclusive cases. Although ultrasound has undergone further development in the past decades and shows high resolution capabilities, it has inherent limitations due to its operator dependency. We review the general concepts that should be known to evaluate the entrapment and compressive neuropathy in MR imaging. We also review the course of normal peripheral nerves, as well as various clinical demonstrations and pathological features of compressed and entrapped nerves in the lower extremities on MR imaging, according to the nerves involved. The common sites of nerve entrapment of the lower extremity are as follows: sciatic nerve around the piriformis muscle; tibial nerve at the popliteal fossa and tarsal tunnel, common peroneal nerve around the fibular neck, and digital nerve near the metatarsal head. Although MR imaging can depict the peripheral nerves in the extremities effectively, radiologists should be familiar with nerve pathways, common sites of nerve compression, and common space-occupying lesions resulting in nerve compression in MR imaging.

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“…Elbow ultrasonography has privileges compared to X-ray, including its usefulness in terms of the price and time, as well as higher distance resolution capability. Thus, ultrasonography provides the possibility of performing examination of the patient in a comfortable position (9). Ultrasonography examination of the elbow joint allows the examiner to distinguish between cartilage from the bone and soft tissues and shows changes in anatomical relationships by different views and levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of ultrasonography for the confirmation of pulled elbow treatment

Heydari

Shariat

Majidinejad

et al. 2017

J Emerg Pract Trauma

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Objective: The aim of this study was to use ultrasonography for the diagnosis and confirmation of Pulled Elbow treatment. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study initiated in 2014 and continued until 2015. We used simple sampling method and recruited 60 samples among patients aged 4 months to 6 years. The apparatus used in this study was an ultrasonogram with transducer 12 MHz probe. Ultrasound evaluation of both hands was undertaken and after reduction, the physical examination was performed to confirm the diagnosis made by ultrasonography. Then, the results were recorded by a physician in a checklist and entered into SPSS software (version 20) for further analysis. Results: In this study, 60 children with pulled elbow injuries were studied. Of these, 27 patients (45%) were girls (female) and 33 (55%) were boys (male). This indicates the higher incidence of injury among males than females. The highest incidence of pulled elbow injury was observed in children aged 3 (15%). The accuracy of ultrasonography method for the confirmation of treatment was reported to be 92%. Conclusion: This study aimed to confirm the considered therapeutic method based on the result of ultrasonography performed after the treatment. Accordingly, the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography in confirming the considered therapeutic method for the treatment of pulled elbow was obtained higher than 90%.

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Ultrasound of the elbow

Cited by 80 publications

References 14 publications

Sonoanatomy of the ulnar nerve in the cubital tunnel: a multicentre study by the GEL

Sonoanatomy of the ulnar nerve in the cubital tunnel: a multicentre study by the GEL

Role of magnetic resonance imaging in entrapment and compressive neuropathy—what, where, and how to see the peripheral nerves on the musculoskeletal magnetic resonance image: part 1. Overview and lower extremity

The use of ultrasonography for the confirmation of pulled elbow treatment

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