Ultrasound of the larynx, hypopharynx and upper esophagus

Arens, Christoph; Weigt, Jochen; Schumacher, Jan; Kraft, Marcel

doi:10.1007/s00106-010-2211-x

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Endoscopic high-frequency ultrasound of the larynx has been described: the larynx is depicted from the luminal side by filling the larynx and the trachea above the cuff of the endotracheal tube with 0.9 % saline to obtain sufficient tissue connection and prevent the retention of air bubbles in the anterior commissure [251]. The technique involves a thin catheter high frequency probe with a rotating mirror to spread the ultrasound ray, producing a 360° image rectilinear to the catheter [251, 252]. Three-dimensional and pocket-sized US devices are likely to move the boundaries for both the quality and the availability of ultrasonographic imaging of the airway.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonography for clinical decision-making and intervention in airway management: from the mouth to the lungs and pleurae

et al. 2014

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ObjectivesTo create a state-of-the-art overview of the new and expanding role of ultrasonography in clinical decision-making, intervention and management of the upper and lower airways, that is clinically relevant, up-to-date and practically useful for clinicians.MethodsThis is a narrative review combined with a structured Medline literature search.ResultsUltrasonography can be utilised to predict airway difficulty during induction of anaesthesia, evaluate if the stomach is empty or possesses gastric content that poses an aspiration risk, localise the essential cricothyroid membrane prior to difficult airway management, perform nerve blocks for awake intubation, confirm tracheal or oesophageal intubation and facilitate localisation of tracheal rings for tracheostomy. Ultrasonography is an excellent diagnostic tool in intraoperative and emergency diagnosis of pneumothorax. It also enables diagnosis and treatment of interstitial syndrome, lung consolidation, atelectasis, pleural effusion and differentiates causes of acute breathlessness during pregnancy. Patient safety can be enhanced by performing procedures under ultrasound guidance, e.g. thoracocentesis, vascular line access and help guide timing of removal of chest tubes by quantification of residual pneumothorax size.ConclusionsUltrasonography used in conjunction with hands-on management of the upper and lower airways has multiple advantages. There is a rapidly growing body of evidence showing its benefits.Teaching Points• Ultrasonography is becoming essential in management of the upper and lower airways.• The tracheal structures can be identified by ultrasonography, even when unidentifiable by palpation.• Ultrasonography is the primary diagnostic approach in suspicion of intraoperative pneumothorax.• Point-of-care ultrasonography of the airways has a steep learning curve.• Lung ultrasonography allows treatment of interstitial syndrome, consolidation, atelectasis and effusion.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonography for clinical decision-making and intervention in airway management: from the mouth to the lungs and pleurae

et al. 2014

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“…Occasionally, when the thyroid cartilage seems intact, it can be difficult to distinguish whether anterior commissure carcinomas with subglottic extension have already infiltrated the cricothyroid membrane or not. A deep inferior or superior incisura as well as an unossified window of the thyroid cartilage may lead to an overestimation of laryngeal tumors, whereas small cancers <3 mm cannot be detected by endosonography with consequent underestimation 5, 7, 9…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To evaluate lesions located in the posterior larynx, the orotracheal tube was loaded up by the Lindholm laryngoscope. Finally, the assistant evaluated the sonograms and communicated his results to the surgeon, while the latter carefully removed the instilled saline from the upper aerodigestive tract, continuing the operation 4, 7, 9…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, endolaryngeal ultrasound (EUS) can easily reach critical regions such as the preepiglottic and paraglottic space. Although providing a higher resolution than that of CT and MRI, this technique is not as yet validated in laryngology 4–7. In the past we demonstrated normal sonoanatomy of the larynx, established anatomical landmarks for endosonography, and correlated them to horizontal whole‐organ sections of the scanned specimens 8…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Percutaneous closure of a large iatrogenic fistula between the inferior vena cava and the pulmonary vein in a child

Saliba

El‐Rassi

Smayra

2011

Cathet Cardio Intervent

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We hereby describe a complex late postoperative veno-venous fistula in a child, successfully treated by an interventional percutaneous procedure. It is a unique complication of diaphragmatic hernia surgery that has never been reported before: a late postoperative iatrogenic fistula, between the inferior vena cava and the right lower pulmonary vein, discovered in a 6-year-old boy operated at the age of 4 months for a right diaphragmatic hernia. The right to left shunt was completely and uneventfully suppressed by a percutaneous procedure separating the systemic venous return from the pulmonary venous return with an Amplatzer Vascular Plug II.

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“…[ 6 ] Proper staging of diseased lymph nodes at different stations is possible by computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and PET-CT.[ 4 7 ] Ultrasonography (US) also assumes importance in the routine diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of diseases of the head, neck, and chest. [ 8 9 10 11 ] Imaging of hollow organs by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has improved accuracy in the assessment of local lymph node metastases in malignancies of the neck, esophagus, and lung when compared with CT.[ 12 13 14 ] Currently, EUS is increasingly used in the evaluation of metastatic disease, posttreatment assessment, and the detection of recurrent disease, and it offers a distinct advantage in EUS-FNAC of lymph nodes or masses that are not accessible to CT.[ 15 16 17 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of spaces of neck and mediastinum by endoscopic ultrasound

et al. 2016

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Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) of the mediastinum was pioneered by gastroenterologists, and it was taken up by pulmonologists when the smaller-diameter endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) scope was designed after a few years. The pulmonologists’ approach remained largely confined to entry from the trachea, but they soon realized that the esophagus was an alternative route of entry by the EBUS scope. The new generations of interventionists are facing the challenge of learning two techniques (EUS and EBUS) from two routes (esophagus and trachea). The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) proposed a classification of mediastinal lymph nodes at different stations that lie within the boundaries of specific spaces. These interventionists need clear definitions of landmarks and clear techniques to identify the spaces. There are enough descriptions of spaces of the neck and the mediastinum in the literature, yet the topic mentioned above has never been discussed separately. The anatomical structures, landmarks, and boundaries of spaces will be important to interventionists in the near future during performances of endosonography. This article combines the baseline anatomy of the spaces with the actual imaging during EUS.

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Ultrasound of the larynx, hypopharynx and upper esophagus

Cited by 15 publications

References 32 publications

Ultrasonography for clinical decision-making and intervention in airway management: from the mouth to the lungs and pleurae

Ultrasonography for clinical decision-making and intervention in airway management: from the mouth to the lungs and pleurae

Percutaneous closure of a large iatrogenic fistula between the inferior vena cava and the pulmonary vein in a child

Imaging of spaces of neck and mediastinum by endoscopic ultrasound

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