Ultrasound Scanning as Essential Diagnostic Tool for Pediatric Lung Conditions in Infants

Abstract

The aim of this work is to reveal the diagnostic possibilities of ultrasound examination and chest radiography for assessing the condition of the lungs in children with diseases of the respiratory system. Material and methods. In the course of these studies, the results of dynamic observation were analyzed using two methods of radiation diagnostics, that is, ultrasound and X-ray methods for assessing the condition of the chest of newborns and children under one year of age with pulmonary pathology. We examined 200 children aged from 0 to 1 year who were admitted to the Research Institute of Paediatrics. K.Yu. Farajev, Baku in the period 2019-2021 All examined children were divided into 2 groups: 65 children without pathology of the respiratory system in the control group and 135 examined children of the same age, aggravated by pulmonary pathology. Results and conclusion. It should be noted that the possibility of deep ultrasound scanning of the pleural fluid and its sufficiently pronounced acoustic properties are the necessary conditions for studying the configuration of the area of accumulation and distribution of excess fluid, assessing the state of the lung and focal violations of the echostructure. Ultrasound features revealed in apparently healthy children of the control group and characteristic of a normal intact lung are based on such sonographic features as the presence of the “lung sliding” symptom, the presence of a small number of vertical artifacts, that is, B-lines, with a tight fit to each other of the parietal and visceral pleural lines, and the predominance of the so-called A-lines. In the examined children of the main group, during ultrasound, the motionless parietal pleura, presented in the form of a hyperechoic line, is more often visualized, and the visceral pleura located under it and covering the lung is quite easily determined, which performs sliding movements synchronously with respiratory movements, which is noted in the scientific literature as a phenomenon "sliding of the lung", while the bilateral manifestation of this symptom is more often detected in 32 children (23.9%), against 0.7%, the value recorded for its unilateral manifestation. Thus, an important fact is the confirmation of the presence of the symptom "sliding of the lung".