Ultrastable and Efficient Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Production Based on Donor–Acceptor Copolymerized Covalent Organic Polymer

Liu, Yaoyao; Liao, Zhijian; Ma, Xiangliang; Xiang, Zhonghua

doi:10.1021/acsami.8b10022

Cited by 95 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…While, when the catalytic environment is changed to seawater, the activity of the catalyst reduced greatly, which is about 0.48 times that of pure water. This is mainly due to the large number of ionic components and impurities in seawater seriously affected the intrinsic structure and electron transport of photocatalysts 19,28,29 . Relatively speaking, PM-CDs-30 shows the best activity in both pure water and seawater solution among the catalysts studied in this work, and its photocatalytic activity in seawater (1776 μmol g −1 h −1 ) is much higher than that in pure water (1340 μmol g −1 h −1 ).…”

Section: Photocatalytic Activity Of the Composite Systems Pm-cds-xmentioning

confidence: 99%

A metal-free photocatalyst for highly efficient hydrogen peroxide photoproduction in real seawater

et al. 2021

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Artificial photosynthesis of H2O2 from H2O and O2, as a spotless method, has aroused widespread interest. Up to date, most photocatalysts still suffer from serious salt-deactivated effects with huge consumption of photogenerated charges, which severely limit their wide application. Herein, by using a phenolic condensation approach, carbon dots, organic dye molecule procyanidins and 4-methoxybenzaldehyde are composed into a metal-free photocatalyst for the photosynthetic production of H2O2 in seawater. This catalyst exhibits high photocatalytic ability to produce H2O2 with the yield of 1776 μmol g−1h−1 (λ ≥ 420 nm; 34.8 mW cm−2) in real seawater, about 4.8 times higher than the pure polymer. Combining with in-situ photoelectrochemical and transient photovoltage analysis, the active site and the catalytic mechanism of this composite catalyst in seawater are also clearly clarified. This work opens up an avenue for a highly efficient and practical, available catalyst for H2O2 photoproduction in real seawater.

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Section: Photocatalytic Activity Of the Composite Systems Pm-cds-xmentioning

confidence: 99%

A metal-free photocatalyst for highly efficient hydrogen peroxide photoproduction in real seawater

et al. 2021

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“…[107] Other combinations of electron-rich and electron-deficient monomers in copolymers to improve light harvesting of the solar spectrum have been applied to conjugated network polymers. These include donors such as spirofluorene, [106] pyrene, [29,117,118] perylene, [119] carbazole, [120] dibenzo[b,d]thiophene, [114] and acceptors such as benzothiadiazole, [103,105,121] phenanthroline, [118] triazines, [122] as well as the use of cyano and fluorene substitution. [105,115,120] Investigating the role of donor-acceptor combinations, a series of conjugated network polymers were synthesized from a range of monomer pairs of differing electron-donating abilities, showing the highest activity when strong donors were matched with weak acceptor units.…”

Section: Conjugated Network Polymers For Hydrogen Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalysts Based on Organic Semiconductors with Tunable Energy Levels for Solar Fuel Applications

Koščo

Moruzzi

Willner

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

128

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development of sustainable energy sources. [1] Among these, solar energy has the greatest potential, with more solar energy irradiating the surface of the Earth in one hour than human society consumes in one year. [2] However, the intermittency of solar energy limits its utility. In order for solar energy to provide power on a scale commensurate with that currently generated from fossil fuels, it must be stored and supplied to users on demand. [3] On short timescales (seconds to days) this is possible to achieve using batteries, which can store electricity generated from solar photovoltaics. [4,5] However, the expensive materials required and their relatively high rates of self-discharge make batteries unsuitable for seasonal energy storage. [6,7] Storing solar energy in the chemical bonds of a fuel, which can be stored indefinitely at low cost, transported, and converted to electrical or heat energy on demand is therefore highly desirable. Solar fuels such as H 2 , CH 3 OH, and CH 4 can be generated from abundant and renewable feedstocks such as water and CO 2 using semiconductor photocatalysts. The vast majority of research to date has focused on photocatalysts fabricated from wide bandgap semiconductors such as TiO 2 , [8] SrTiO 3 , [9] and carbon nitride (CN). [10-14] Photocatalysts based on some of these semiconductors have achieved operational stabilities exceeding 1000 h and maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of over 50% for overall water splitting. [9,15-18] However, their wide and difficult to tune bandgaps mean that photocatalysts fabricated from these semiconductors are almost exclusively active at UV wavelengths, which carry <5% of solar energy. [19] This fundamentally limits their efficiency below what is required for many practical solar fuels applications. For example, an estimated solar-to-hydrogen efficiency (η STH) of 5-10% would be required to photocatalytically produce H 2 at a cost that meets the U.S. Department of Energy's target of $2-4 kg −1 , which is difficult or impossible to achieve with the aforementioned wide bandgap semiconductors. [20] This has stimulated interest in developing novel photocatalysts based on semiconductors with narrower bandgaps that are able to absorb a greater proportion of the solar spectrum and can therefore achieve higher maximum theoretical solar energy conversion efficiencies. [18] Among these, non-CN organic semiconductors have recently gained prominence due to the Earth abundance of their constituent elements, and their high extinction coefficients and The photocatalytic synthesis of solar fuels such as hydrogen and methane from water and carbon dioxide is a promising strategy to store abundant solar energy in order to overcome its intermittency. Although this approach has been studied for decades using inorganic semiconductor photocatalysts, organic semiconductors have only recently gained notable attention. The tunable energy levels of organic semiconductors can enable the design of photocatalysts with optimized solar light utilization. However,...

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“…Remarkably, when cobaloxime was used as a cocatalyst for N2−COF, the photocatalyst exhibited an excellent HER (782 μmol h −1 g −1 (λ>420 nm)) compared to that achieved with a Pt cocatalyst. Xiang and coworkers developed COF photocatalysts with trace ending groups via copolymerization from pyrene and phenanthroline building blocks for H 2 production . COP−TP 3 : 1 showed a high HER that was 14 times higher than those of polymers containing D‐A systems; notably, excellent photocatalytic activity was also found in water of varying quality under visible‐light irradiation.…”

Section: Photocatalysts Based On Triazine Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Visible‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution from Water using Polymer Photocatalysts

2020

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Efficient polymer photocatalysts that mimic natural photosynthesis to generate H 2 through the visible-light-promoted splitting of water are ideal systems for the conversion of solar energy into usable fuel with high energy density and in an environmentally friendly manner. In this article, we review recent reports on donor-acceptor-based π-conjugated polymers as photocatalysts, including conjugated linear polymers, microporous polymers, triazine frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, polymer dots, and other related organic polymers, which show superior photocatalytic activity and robust stability under visible-light irradiation, for hydrogen production. Moreover, their syntheses and material design strategies, photophysical properties, proposed mechanisms, and applications are systematically summarized. Finally, recent research on and challenges related to organic polymer photocatalysts are discussed. This minireview will help readers to more easily understand the recent advances in and future direction of this field.

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Ultrastable and Efficient Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Production Based on Donor–Acceptor Copolymerized Covalent Organic Polymer

Cited by 95 publications

References 67 publications

A metal-free photocatalyst for highly efficient hydrogen peroxide photoproduction in real seawater

A metal-free photocatalyst for highly efficient hydrogen peroxide photoproduction in real seawater

Photocatalysts Based on Organic Semiconductors with Tunable Energy Levels for Solar Fuel Applications

Recent Advances in Visible‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution from Water using Polymer Photocatalysts

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