Ultrastretchable and Flexible Copper Interconnect‐Based Smart Patch for Adaptive Thermotherapy

Hussain, Aftab M.; Lizardo, Ernesto Byas; Sevilla, Galo A. Torres; Nassar, Joanna M.; Hussain, Muhammad Mustafa

doi:10.1002/adhm.201400647

Cited by 74 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The first-order response time of PEDOT/PSS fibers is comparable with tungsten wires or copper interconnects, which need several hundred mini-seconds to several seconds. 33,34 Moreover, these fibers have the fastest response rate (63 C s 1 ) compared with other types of heaters. Nanomaterial-based heaters, such as silver nanowires (AgNWs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene, generally need a long response time for heating because substrates hinder the measured heating rate as compared to a free-standing arrangement.…”

Section: Electrothermal Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

High-ampacity conductive polymer microfibers as fast response wearable heaters and electromechanical actuators

et al. 2016

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CitationHigh-ampacity conductive polymer microfibers as fast response wearable heaters and electromechanical actuators 2016, 4 (6) Conductive fibers with enhanced physical properties and functionalities are needed for a diversity of electronic devices. Here, we report very high performance in the thermal and mechanical response of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) microfibers when subjected to an electrical current. These fibers were made by combining hot-drawing assisted wetspinning process with ethylene glycol doping/de-doping can work at a high current density as high as 1.8 ⇥ 10 4 A cm 2 , which is comparable to that of carbon nanotube fibers. Their electrothermal response was investigated using optical sensors and verified to be as fast as 63 C s 1 and is comparable with that of metallic heating elements (20-50 C s 1 ). We investigated the electromechanical actuation resulted from the reversible sorption/desorption of moisture controlled by electro-induced heating.Results revealed an improvement of several orders of magnitudes compared to other linear conductive polymer-based actuators in air. Specifically, the fibers we designed here have a rapid stress generation rate (> 40 MPa s 1 ) and a wide operating frequency range (up to 40 Hz). These fibers have several characteristics including fast response, low-driven voltage, good repeatability, long cycle life and high energy efficiency, favoring their use as heating elements on wearable textiles and as artificial muscles for robotics.

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Section: Electrothermal Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

High-ampacity conductive polymer microfibers as fast response wearable heaters and electromechanical actuators

et al. 2016

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“…Hence, in each cycle, the number of XeF 2 moles introduced in the chamber can be obtained from the ideal gas equation. These XeF 2 atoms consume silicon atoms in the ratio of 2:1 as shown in the chemical reaction in Equation (1). Hence, the silicon moles consumed per cycle are…”

Section: Desgin Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Design criteria for XeF2 enabled deterministic transformation of bulk silicon (100) into flexible silicon layer

2016

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Isotropic etching of bulk silicon (100) using Xenon Difluoride (XeF2) gas presents a unique opportunity to undercut and release ultra-thin flexible silicon layers with pre-fabricated state-of-the-art Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) electronics. In this work, we present design criteria and mechanism with a comprehensive mathematical model for this method. We consider various trench geometries and parametrize important metrics such as etch time, number of cycles and area efficiency in terms of the trench diameter and spacing so that optimization can be done for specific applications. From our theoretical analysis, we conclude that a honeycomb-inspired hexagonal distribution of trenches can produce the most efficient release of ultra-thin flexible silicon layers in terms of the number of etch cycles, while a rectangular distribution of circular trenches provides the most area efficient design. The theoretical results are verified by fabricating and releasing (varying sizes) flexible silicon layers. We observe uniform translation of design criteria into practice for etch distances and number of etch cycles, using reaction efficiency as a fitting parameter.

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“…The copper/PI interface can be controlled not to experience any stress during bending by controlling the thicknesses of the copper lines and the PI layer, so that the neutral axis during flexing is at the interface. Further fabrication details can be found in our paper [31]. …”

Section: Fabrication Process Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, we have also developed a serpentine design used to show an ultra-stretchable and flexible, spatially reconfigurable, mobile, metallic thin film copper (Cu)-based, body-integrated and non-invasive thermal heater with wireless controlling capability, reusability, heating-adaptability (heating is tuned based on the temperature of the swollen part) and affordability due to low-cost complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible integration [31]. The serpentine structures where designed in such a way that each individual spring could reach a maximum stretch ratio of approximately 800%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformational electronics are now reconfiguring

et al. 2015

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Current developments on enhancing our smart living experience are leveraging the increased interest for novel systems that can be compatible with foldable, wrinkled, wavy and complex geometries and surfaces, and thus become truly ubiquitous and easy to deploy. Therefore, relying on innovative structural designs we have been able to reconfigure the physical form of various materials, to achieve remarkable mechanical flexibility and stretchability, which provides us with the perfect platform to develop enhanced electronic systems for application in entertainment, healthcare, fitness and wellness, military and manufacturing industry. Based on these novel structural designs we have developed a siliconbased network of hexagonal islands connected through double-spiral springs, forming an ultra-stretchable (~1000%) array for full compliance to highly asymmetric shapes and surfaces, as well as a serpentine design used to show an ultrastretchable (~800%) and flexible, spatially reconfigurable, mobile, metallic thin film copper (Cu)-based, body-integrated and non-invasive thermal heater with wireless controlling capability, reusability, heating-adaptability and affordability due to low-cost complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible integration.

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Ultrastretchable and Flexible Copper Interconnect‐Based Smart Patch for Adaptive Thermotherapy

Cited by 74 publications

References 50 publications

High-ampacity conductive polymer microfibers as fast response wearable heaters and electromechanical actuators

High-ampacity conductive polymer microfibers as fast response wearable heaters and electromechanical actuators

Design criteria for XeF2 enabled deterministic transformation of bulk silicon (100) into flexible silicon layer

Transformational electronics are now reconfiguring

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