Ultrastructural Analysis of Lymph Node Innervation in the Rat

Novotny, G. E. K.

doi:10.1159/000146615

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…They supply the T cell-rich regions, such as the paracortical and cortical zones, but not the B cell-containing areas such as lymph nodules and germinal centers. Electron microscopic studies reveal NA nerves establishing contacts with the vascular smooth muscle, reticular cells, plasma cells and lymphocytes in the lymph nodes [115,116]. These nerve fibers contain at least 3 types of synaptic vesicles, each presumed to contain a different neurotransmitter.…”

Section: The Lymph Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympathetic modulation of immunity: Relevance to disease

Bellinger

Millar

Perez

et al. 2008

Cellular Immunology

226

185

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Optimal host defense against pathogens requires cross-talk between the nervous and immune systems. This paper reviews sympathetic-immune interaction, one major communication pathway, and its importance for health and disease. Sympathetic innervation of primary and secondary immune organs is described, as well as evidence for neurotransmission with cells of the immune system as targets. Most research thus far as focused on neural-immune modulation in secondary lymphoid organs, and have revealed complex sympathetic modulation resulting in both potentiation and inhibition of immune functions. SNS-immune interaction may enhance immune readiness during disease-or injury-induced 'fight' responses. Research also indicate that dysregulation of the SNS can significantly affect the progression of immune-mediated diseases. However, a better understanding of neural-immune interactions is needed to develop strategies for treatment of immune-mediated diseases that are designed to return homeostasis and restore normal functioning neural-immune networks.

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Section: The Lymph Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympathetic modulation of immunity: Relevance to disease

Bellinger

Millar

Perez

et al. 2008

Cellular Immunology

226

185

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The innervation of lymph nodes has been subject of a number of studies during recent years (Felten et al 1984(Felten et al , 1985(Felten et al , 1988Novotny & Kliche, 1986 ;Kliche & Novotny, 1987 ;Fink & Weihe, 1988 ;Novotny, 1988 ;Felten & Felten, 1991 ;Novotny et al 1993. The studies published by Felten and his coworkers seem to assume that all lymph nodes are similarly innervated.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional differences in innervation of lymph nodes in the Wistar rat

Novotny

2001

Journal of Anatomy

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Previous light microscopic investigations have indicated that, in the rat, the innervation of mesenteric lymph nodes may be less dense than that of axillary nodes. However, nerves of the enteric system are difficult to visualise by light microscopy. Therefore we quantified the density of innervation of axillary and mesenteric lymph nodes at the ultrastructural level. The results show a highly significant difference in the density of innervation between these 2 groups of lymph nodes, but morphologically the type of the innervation does not seem to differ. In previous studies, nerves were found predominantly in regions characterised by aggregations of plasma cells. In view of this association, we suggest that the difference in innervation may reflect the migration of plasma cells out of mesenteric nodes and into the mucosa of the gut wall. By contrast, in peripherally located nodes, plasma cells tend to remain within the lymph nodes, and hence the density of innervation of these nodes is greater.

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“…In an early study of lymph node innervation, Tonkoff [22] suggested a sensory nerve supply. More recently, electron-microscopic studies of rat axillary, cervical and inguinal lymph node innervation has revealed both nonmyelinated and myelinated axons in bundles entering at the hilus [23,24]. Novotny [23] describes two types of nonmyelinated nerve profiles, one that contains dense core vesicles, presumed to be sympathetic, and one that contains clear vesicles, presumed to be sensory in origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, electron-microscopic studies of rat axillary, cervical and inguinal lymph node innervation has revealed both nonmyelinated and myelinated axons in bundles entering at the hilus [23,24]. Novotny [23] describes two types of nonmyelinated nerve profiles, one that contains dense core vesicles, presumed to be sympathetic, and one that contains clear vesicles, presumed to be sensory in origin. Vesicle-containing varicosities or terminals were found in close proximity to smooth muscle cells of the vasculature, reticular cells, lymphocytes, and plasmablast/plasma cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Application of Capsaicin into the Draining Lymph Nodes Attenuates Expression of Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis

Lorton

Lubahn

Engan

et al. 2000

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Adjuvant-induced experimental arthritis (AA) was examined in adult male Lewis rats after isolated capsaicin (CAPS)-induced loss of small, nonmyelinated, afferent fibers in lymph nodes draining the site of adjuvant challenge. AA was induced by intradermal injection of Freund’s complete adjuvant (CFA) into the subplantar area of the right hind paw. Controls received similar injections of mineral oil, the vehicle for CFA. One day later, half of the CFA-treated rats and half of the mineral oil-treated rats received injections of CAPS bilaterally into the draining lymph nodes (DLN). The DLN of remaining rats were injected with 50:50 ethanol/sterile physiological saline, the vehicle for CAPS. This paradigm resulted in four groups designated: CFA/CAPS, CFA/vehicle, vehicle/CAPS and vehicle/vehicle. Since substance P (SP) is present in small, nonmyelinated, afferent fibers, the target of the neurotoxin, CAPS, a radioimmunoassay specific for SP was used to verify the loss of these nerve fibers. CAPS injections into the DLN resulted in a loss in SP concentration in the DLN, with no depletion of SP in the spleen or sciatic nerve. These findings support the destruction of SP-containing nerves, which we interpret as verification of the selective loss of small, non-myelinated afferent nerves in the DLN with no significant spread of the neurotoxin to the nearby sciatic nerves which supply small, nonmyelinated, afferent fibers to the hind limb joints. Also, preservation of SP content in spleen indicates CAPS did not circulate via the lymphatic drainage. No chronic inflammation was observed in the fore or hind limbs from rats treated with the vehicle for CFA (vehicle/vehicle, vehicle/CAPS) at any time during the study. In CFA/vehicle-treated rats, bilateral, symmetrical inflammation of the hind limbs was apparent 14 days after challenge with CFA, and became progressively more inflamed through day 20. In contrast, hind limb inflammation in arthritic rats treated with CAPS was not symmetrical. On days 14 and 20 after challenge with CFA, the inflammatory response in the left hind limb, contralateral to the site of CFA injection, was significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated compared with the response seen on the right side of CFA/CAPS-treated rats, and with the response seen in left hind limb of CFA/vehicle-treated animals. In fact, the mean dorsoplantar width of contralateral hind limbs from CFA/CAPS-treated animals was not different from that measured in non-AA control groups. These findings support a role for small, nonmyelinated, sensory nerves that modulate immune responses in DLN in the development and progression of AA in Lewis rats.

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Ultrastructural Analysis of Lymph Node Innervation in the Rat

Cited by 22 publications

References 1 publication

Sympathetic modulation of immunity: Relevance to disease

Sympathetic modulation of immunity: Relevance to disease

Regional differences in innervation of lymph nodes in the Wistar rat

Local Application of Capsaicin into the Draining Lymph Nodes Attenuates Expression of Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis

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