Ultrastructural analysis of spermatozoa of Korscheltell us lupulinus L. (Lepidoptera : Hepialidae) and Micropterix calthella L. (Lepidoptera : Micropterigidae)

Axonemal structure and insect phylogeny

“…This could be the reason of the presence of a simple 9 + 2 axoneme in the primitive family Micropterygidae (Sonnenschein & Hauser, 1990;Hamon & Chauvin, 1992) among Lepidoptera. This family has been proposed to be at the base of the lepidopteran group as it is the only family with species with only eupyrenic sperm and species with double spermiogenesis thus both eu-and-apyrenic spermatozoa as it typical of all other Lepidoptera.…”

4. The Non-Glossatan Moths

“…2. Studies devoted to this family deal with the adult head (Le Cerf 1926, Tillyard 1923a, Hannemann 1956, Chauvin & Faucheux 1981, Faucheux 1992, wings (Tillyard 1919, Philpott 1923, pregenital abdomen (Kristensen 1984 c), genitalia (Philpott 1934, 1924, Hannemann 1957, Kristensen 1984 a), brain (Buxton 1917), tracheal system (Kristensen 1984 b), spermatogenesis (Friedländer 1983, Sonnenschein & Häuser 1990, Hamon & Chauvin 1992, ovary, egg structure and embryogenesis (Chauvin & Chauvin 1980, Ando & Kobayashi 1978, Kobayashi 1994, Kobayashi & Ando 1981. The extraordinary larval structure has so far been treated only in a preliminary way (Tillyard 1923b, Mutuura 1956, Hinton 1958, Lorenz 1961, Yasuda 1962, Davis 1987, Kozlov 1991, Kristensen 1990).…”

16. Reproductive organs

“…Sperm ultrastructure has been examined in some Micropterigidae and Exoporia (Sonnenschein & Häuser 1990;Friedländer 1983 a, b;Hamon & Chauvin 1992), but monotrysian Heteroneura remain unstudied. Exemplars of several families across the Ditrysia have been surveyed by Phillips (1971): and Riemann & Gassner (1973), while single-species treatments include studies of members of Tortricidae (Friedländer & Benz 1981), Pyralidae (Ashrafl & Roppel 1973;Friedländer 1976Friedländer , 1983Friedländer & Miesel 1977, Wolf 1997, Bombycoidea-Saturniidae (Friedländer et al 1981) and -Bombycidae (Yasuzumi & Oura 1964King & Akai 1971 a, b;Friedländer & Gitay 1972), butterflies (LaiFook 1982 a, Zylberberg 1969, Mancini & Dolder 2001, Noctuoidea-Noctuidae (LaChance & Olstad 1988, Medeiros & Silveira 1996, -Lymantriidae (Leclercq-Smekens 1978 a, b;Garvey 2000) and -Arctiidae (Trandaburu et al 1976).…”