Ultrastructural aspects of damage to leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis by the psyllid Cardiaspina retator

Crawford, Simon; Wilkens, Sabine

doi:10.1016/s0968-4328(96)00036-4

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The lower F v /F m values obtained for the damaged leaves therefore indicate some impairment of the photosynthetic apparatus, possibly attributable to the psyllids. Many insect phloem feeders have been shown to cause local disruption to cells within the vicinity of the feeding stylet (Crawford and Wilkins 1996). Lower F v /F m values obtained from the young leaves are assumed to be associated with an immature photosynthetic capacity (Choinski et al 2003), whereas the older leaves may have commenced natural senescence in addition to higher levels of general damage (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of leaf age and psyllid damage on the spectral reflectance properties of Eucalyptus saligna foliage

Stone¹,

Chisholm

McDonald

2005

Aust. J. Bot.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Leaf chlorophyll content is influenced directly by many environmental stress factors. Because leaf pigment absorption is wavelength dependent, numerous narrow-band reflectance-based indices have been proposed as a means of assessing foliar health and condition. Chlorophyll content, however, also varies with leaf developmental stage. In this study, a range of morphological and physiological traits including insect damage, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD values), chlorophyll fluorescence (F v /F m ) and reflectance spectra was measured of leaves sampled from mature Eucalyptus saligna. Relative differences among three leaf-age cohorts were compared with differences obtained from mature leaves that were either healthy or infested with the psyllid Glycaspis baileyi. Differences in relative chlorophyll content were greater between immature and mature foliage than between damaged and healthy mature leaves. These differences were confirmed in the comparisons of reflectance spectra and indices. As many eucalypt species have opportunistic crown phenology and long-lived leaves, leaf-age composition of crowns needs to be taken into account when applying reflectance-based indices to assess foliar condition of eucalypts.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of leaf age and psyllid damage on the spectral reflectance properties of Eucalyptus saligna foliage

Stone¹,

Chisholm

McDonald

2005

Aust. J. Bot.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The selective advantage of this toxic feeding is that it enhances the quantity and quality of the insects' diet. And this is brought about by the premature and accelerated break down of the plant's tissues, increasing the concentration of essential amino acids in the phloem from which these senescence‐feeders draw their food (White , ; Cockfield ; Crawford and Wilkens ; Telang et al. ; Sandstrom et al.…”

Section: Hastened Senescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Senescence‐feeders: a new trophic sub‐guild of insect herbivores

White

2014

J Applied Entomology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Herbivorous insects that have evolved to feed on senescing tissues of plants, or the phloem flowing from those tissues, comprise a distinct sub‐guild of the major trophic guilds, the senescence‐feeders. Some senescence‐feeders have evolved the capacity to accelerate the rate at which the tissues they feed on senesce, thus enhancing the quantity and quality of their food. Other species prolong their access to good food by feeding alternatively on both senescing and flushing tissues. Senescing plant tissues release a poorer quality food more slowly than the rapid inflow to new growth. As a result, senescence‐feeders grow more slowly than equivalent flush‐feeders. Any environmental stress of a plant that hastens its rate of senescence results in faster growth and higher survival of senescence‐feeders. Senescence‐feeders therefore succeed best on damaged or stressed plants and frequently reach outbreak levels on drought‐stressed trees. If the distinctive ecology of senescence‐feeders and the way in which they differ from flush‐feeders in their response to the condition of their host plants are to be recognized and understood, it is important to identify species that belong to this separate trophic sub‐guild. Such understanding is also necessary if attempts to control or manage their attacks on crops and forests are to succeed.

show abstract

“…Larson and Whitham (1991) noted, when comparing free-living and gall-forming (sessile) aphids, that the sessile biology of Cardiaspina nymphs could hinder their survival and development if host modules were inherently poor quality and nymphs themselves were not able to enhance the nutritional quality of their ingesta. Leaf reddening may follow in the same locations where the chlorotic lesions caused by feeding nymphs develop (White 1970; Morgan and Taylor 1988; Crawford and Wilkens 1996). In the case of one Glycaspis species, leaf reddening has been observed to be more noticeable in late winter (Moore 1961) while Morgan (1984) reported that the reddish lesions of Cardiaspina species could be prevented from becoming necrotic through the provision of N fertilizer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional enhancement of leaves by a psyllid through senescence-like processes: insect manipulation or plant defence?

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Some herbivores can modify the physiology of plant modules to meet their nutritional requirements. Induction of premature leaf senescence could benefit herbivores since it is associated with the mobilisation of nutrients. We compared the effects of nymphal feeding by Cardiaspina near densitexta on Eucalyptus moluccana with endogenous processes associated with senescence to assess the relative merits of an insect manipulation or plant defence interpretation of responses. Evidence supporting insect manipulation included increased size of fourth and fifth instar nymphs (in the latter the effect was restricted to forewing pad length of females) on leaves supporting high numbers of conspecifics and feeding preventing leaf necrosis. Intra-specific competition negated greater performance at very high densities. High and very high abundances of nymphs were associated with increased concentrations of amino acid N but only very high abundances of nymphs tended to be associated with increased concentrations of six essential amino acids. Contrary to the insect manipulation interpretation, feeding by very high abundances of nymphs was associated with significant reductions in chlorophyll, carotenoids and anthocyanins. Evidence supporting plant defence included the severity of chlorosis increasing with the abundance of nymphs. Leaf reddening did not develop because ambient conditions associated with photoinhibition (high irradiance and low temperature) were not experienced by leaves with chlorotic lesions. Leaf reddening (from anthocyanins) alone is not expected to adversely affect nymphal survival; only leaf necrosis would kill nymphs. For senescence-inducing psyllids, nutritional enhancement does not fit neatly into either an insect manipulation or plant defence interpretation.

show abstract

Ultrastructural aspects of damage to leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis by the psyllid Cardiaspina retator

Cited by 29 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of leaf age and psyllid damage on the spectral reflectance properties of Eucalyptus saligna foliage

Effects of leaf age and psyllid damage on the spectral reflectance properties of Eucalyptus saligna foliage

Senescence‐feeders: a new trophic sub‐guild of insect herbivores

Nutritional enhancement of leaves by a psyllid through senescence-like processes: insect manipulation or plant defence?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About